Page:A cyclopedia of American medical biography vol. 2.djvu/173

 MARTIN

incorporators of the Medical and Chirur- gical Faculty of Maryland in 1799, was its orator in 1807, and became president in 1815, holding the office until 1820 when he declined fur- ther election. The subject of his oration was "Fever." He was also the author of " An Essay on the epidem- ics in the winters of 1813 and 1814 in Talbot and Queen Anne's Counties, Maryland," read at the annual conven- tion of the Faculty in 1815, and was engaged on a work on the diseases of the Eastern Shore of Maryland at the time of his death. He died at Easton, December 16, 1834, at seventy-six, after an active professional life of over fifty-two years. He left a large family. His wife Sarah Haywood Martin, died June 3, 1835, aged sixty-eight. He received the honorary degree of M. D. from the University of Maryland in 1818.

E. F. C.

For sketch and portrait of Dr. Martin, Cordell's Medical Annals of Maryland, 1903

Martin, George (1826-1886).

George Martin, a Philadelphia botanist, was born near Claymont, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, in 1826, going as a boy to the West Town Friends' School and afterwards to the University of Pennsylvania where he took his M. D. about 1847. He first practised at Con- cordville, Delaware, for some three years then for five at the Fifth Street Dispen- sary, and then worked with his cousin, John M. Sharpless, at the chrome works of the latter. During the war he helped in the military hospitals in Chester and settled in West Chester about 1866 remaining there until his death there on October 28, 1886. He was a fellow of the college of Physicians of Philadelphia and from 1878 had devoted much time to mycological studies, especially in the examination of the parasitic leaf fungi and only a few days before his death had completed "A Synopsis of the North American Species of Septoria" as a continuation of a series of myological

151 MARTIN

papers he had already contributed. He was also a zealous botanist and in close association with the leading botanists of the day.

His writings included: "New Florida Fungi." (" Journal of Mycology," i, 97.) " Synopsis of the North American Species of Asterina, etc." (Ibid., i, 133, 145.) "New Fungi." (Ibid., ii, 128.) "The Phyllostictas of North America." (Ibid., ii, 13, 25.)

J. W. H.

The Botanists of Philadelphia. J. Harshberger, 1899.

W.

Martin, Henry Austin (1824-1884).

Henry Austin Martin, surgeon, eldest son of Henry James Martin, was born in St. James, London, on July 23, 1824. He came from an old Huguenot family and was cousin to Lord Kingsale.

He came to America when a boy and studied at the Harvard Medical School, graduating in 1845 and settling to practice in Roxbury where he was a leading doctor for forty years.

He was, besides being a very elo- quent speaker and finished writer, a very skillful surgeon. During the Civil War he was a medical director, and surgeon-in-chief of the second division of the second (Hancock's) corps.

In 1870 he introduced true animal vaccination into America, and by vast effort and continual writing, succeeded in having that method universally adopted within two years. In 1877 he presented to the American Medical Association a paper on the " Use of Pure Rubber Bandages in Surgery," and Martin's bandage became known throughout the profes- sion. ("Surgical Uses, Other than Hem- ostatic, of the Strong Elastic Bandage," "Transactions, American Medical Associ- tion," Philadelphia, 1877, vol. xxviii.)

He was a great student all his life getting up long before daylight in win- ter, and always reading or writing several hours before breakfast. One of his hobbies was the collecting of old line engravings, on which he was an