Page:A cyclopedia of American medical biography vol. 1.djvu/278

 CHADWICK

CHAMBERLAIN

tive and never-ceasing agitation. He was librarian from 1875 until his death.

Dr. Chadwick was called the "Father of Cremation in New England," because he was instrumental in reorganizing and putting on a successful basis the decadent New England Cremation Society, founded in 1885.

In 1S90 he organized the Harvard Medical Alumni Association and was its president for the first four years of its existence. He was a member and presi- dent of the Obstetrical Society of Boston. Among his close friends he numbered such men as Oliver Wendell Holmes, William Osier, S. Weir Mitchell, J. S. Billings and William James. His tem- perament was that of the poet and the artist. In him were combined versatility and constancy of purpose. Broad-mind- ed and singularly free from narrow prejudices, he could see in an acquaint- ance or friend those qualities which make for distinction.

Dr. Chadwick's death occurred at his summer home in Chocorna, New Hamp- shire, September 23, 1905. He was survived by three daughters and a son. Among his writings are:

"The Pathology and Treatment of Child-bed," F. von Winckle, translated by J. R. Chadwick, 1876.

"The Function of the Anal Sphincter, So-called, and the Act of Defecation." ("Transactions of American Gynecological Society, 1877.)

" New Gynecological Table." (" Ameri- can Journal of Obstetrics," 187S.)

"Obstetrics and Gynecological Litera- ture, 1876-1880." ("Transactions of American Medical Association," 1881.)

" Medical Libraries, Their Development and Use." ("Boston Medical and Surgi- cal Journal," 1S96, vol. 134.)

"Dr. Johann David Schoeff," presiden- tial address at the eighth annual meeting of the Association of Medical Libraries, Boston, 1905.

"Cremation of the Dead," 1905.

W. L. B.

Trana. Amer. Gyn. Soc, 1906.

Bulletin Harvard Alumni Asso., Jan., 1906.

Chalmers, Lionel (1715-1777).

Lionel Chalmers, physician and mete- orologist, was born in Cambleton, Scot- land, 1715 and emigrated to South Carolina in early life. It is not known where be obtained his degree in medicine but probably from the University of Edinburgh. He settled first in Christ Church Parish, but soon removed to Charleston where he practised until his death. He made and recorded observa- tions on meteorology from 1750 to 1760.

As a practitioner he won the confi- dence and respect of all and left behind him, "the name of a skillful, humane physician."

He wrote an " Account of the Opisthot- onos and Tetanus," which was published in the "Transactions of the Medical Society of London in 1754.

His most important writings were: "An Account of the Weather and Dis- eases of South Carolina and an Essay on Fevers," in which, says Dr. Ramsay, "he unfolded the spasmodic theory of Fevers." Both of these works were published in London in 1776.

L. P.

Chamberlain, Cyrus Nathaniel (1829- 1899).

Cyrus Nathaniel Chamberlain was a farmer's son and born in West Barn- stable, Massachusetts, March 8, 1829. His early education was at New Salem, Massachusetts Academy, his medical, in the Vermont Medical College, where he graduated in 1850. He attended a course of lectures at the College of Physi- cians and Surgeons in New York and settled in 1852 in Granby, Massachusetts, becoming a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society in the same year.

As surgeon to the tenth Massachusetts Infantry Dr. Chamberlain served his country during the Civil War until 1863, when he was commissioned sur- geon to volunteers. He constructed and organized the Letterman United States Army Hospital at Gettysburg to take care of the severely wounded. Another successful feat of organization