Page:A cyclopedia of American medical biography vol. 1.djvu/275

 CARROLL

CARTLEDGE

myia fasciata," and on its conclusion, in February, 1901, when Dr. Reed returned home, he remained for several weeks in Cuba for the purpose of determining several doubtful points connected with the work. Moreover, in August, 1901, he returned to Cuba in order to carry on a final investigation necessary to the full completion of the work of the commis- sion and it is owing to his perseverance and firmness in the face of obstacles that it was finally carried to perfection.

The points established by Carroll's special labors are:

The specific agent of yellow fever is present in the blood during at least the first, second, and third days of the disease.

The specific agent is destroyed, or at least attenuated by heating it up to 55° C. for ten minutes.

Yellow fever can be produced by the injection of a small quantity of the di- luted serum taken directly from a patient and passed through a Berkefeld filter.

The specific agent being capable of passing through a Berkefeld filter must belong to that class of organisms known as ultra-microscopic.

On Carroll's return to the United States he was appointed lieutenant and assistant surgeon in the medical corps, the age limit being waived in order to permit him to pass the necessary exami- nations. The next few years of his life were largely passed in teaching, in which he was most successful. He was professor of bacteriology and clinical microscopy at the Army Medical School and after Dr. Reed's death succeeded him as pro- fessor of pathology at the Columbian University.

He wrote a number of papers on the disease in its different phases. The first of these, on "The Treatment of Yellow Fever" was the earliest contribution to the therapeutics of the disease after its mode of transmission was understood. The most important of his papers is, probably, the article on yellow fever in Osier's "System of Medicine."

In 1896 Carroll's name was suggested for the Nobel prize and in 1897 two

universities (Maryland and Nebraska) conferred upon him their honorary LL. D. He was also elected to member- ship in many scientific societies.

Unfortunately, he never fully recov- ered from his attack of yellow fever. During the height of the disease he had an attack of acute dilatation of the heart which induced in the end an organic heart lesion, from which he died after an illness of some months on September 16, 1907.

He married in 1SS8, Jennie M. G. Lucas and left seven children, the eldest of whom had only just reached manhood. C. W. L.

Cartledge, Abiah Morgan (1S58-1908).

Abiah Morgan Cartledge was the son of a Baptist minister, A. Morgan Cart- ledge, and Louisa Haigood and educated by his father and in local schools. When eighteen he helped in the drug store of Dr. Thomas Marian in Richburg, who, seeing the lad had ability, advised his entering college as a medical student, so, as this counsel ran with Abiah's own wishes, he did so, and matriculated at the Hospital College of Medicine in Louisville, Kentucky, in 18S0, graduating with honors in 1S82. He served one year as interne at the Louisville City Hospital with marked distinction and in 18S3 be- gan to practise in Louisville. In 1SS5 he was made professor of surgery in the Hospital College of Medicine of his alma mater, where he taught with marked success until 18S8, when he became demonstrator of anatomy in the Kentucky School of Medicine. During this time he had built up quite a large practice and hia fame as a surgeon was beginning to extend. His especial fitness and qualities as surgeon and teacher were also recognized by the faculty of the Louisville Medical Col- lege, who tendered him the chair of surgery and clinical surgery in 1S90. So he relinquished medical practice and devoted his whole life to surgery. This position was filled with great credit to himself and honor to the college until 1894, when he was given the chair of