Page:A cyclopedia of American medical biography vol. 1.djvu/269

 CAMPBELL

CAMPBELL

and surgeon to the Montreal General Hospital, when he was placed upon the consulting staff. It may be said for forty years he dominated medical teach- ing and practice in Montreal.

He died in Edinburgh of pneumonia on May 30, 1S82, while on a visit there. Dr. Campbell always had a large general practice and in later years gave much time to surgery, performing skillfully most of the operations which were then in vogue.

His writings are not numerous. Among the cases which he recorded are: "An- eurysm of the innominate artery — liga- ture of the common cartoid;" 'Osteo- cephaloma of the humerus — amputation of the shoulder-joint;" "Ligature of the gluteal artery for traumatic aneurysm," and "Excision of the elbow."

A. M. Canada M. Record, Montreal, 1SS1-2,

Campbell, Henry Fraser (1824-1801).

Henry Fraser Campbell, physiologist and gynecologist, was born in Savannah, Georgia, February 10, 1824, the son of James Campbell, a native of County Antrim, Ireland. His mother, Mary R. (Eve) Campbell, was the only daughter of Joseph Eve the inventor of the brush and roller gin.

After an academic education Dr. Campbell at fifteen began to study medi- cine and entered the Medical College of Georgia (now the medical department of theUniversity of Georgia), graduating in 1842 at the early age of eighteen. The same year he began the practice of medicine in Augusta Georgia where, except during the Civil War and during 1866-67 when he lived in New Orleans, Louisiania, he remained until his death. In the later years of his life, though hav- ing a large consulting practice, he devoted especial attention to surgery and gyn- ecology. In general surgery he was noted as a lithotomist and for operations for the arrest of inflammation by ligation of the main arterial trunks. For lithotomy

on the male he invariably performed the operation of Dupuy tren and invented the grooved tampon en chemise which added greatly to the safety of this procedure. His contributions to the armamentarium of the gynecologist are many and val- uable: the sliding-hook forceps for the operation for vesicovaginal fistula, the soft-rubber spring stem pessary for uterine flexions, the cushioned protean pessary for uterine versions, and the pneumatic repositor for the "self-replacement" of uterine dislocations. As a physiologist his investigations were principally into the structure and functions of the nervous system. In 1S50 he demonstrated the 'excito-secretory function of the nervous system" and the priority of this discovery magnanimously accorded him by the great English physiologist Marshall Hall gave him an international reputation and led to his election as fellow of the St. Petersburg (Russia) Imperial Academy of Sciences. His work in the line of the prevention of yellow fever, dengue, etc., justly entitles him to a prominent place among the pioneer sanitarians of this country.

Among appointments held was that of assistant demonstrator of anatomy in the Medical College of Georgia; from 1854 to 1857, professor of comparative anatomy and microscopical anatomy; 1S57 to 1S67, professor of anatomy there; 1866-67 professor of surgery in the New Orleans School of Medicine, and clinical lecturer on surgery in Charity Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana.

The Medical College of Georgia in 1868 created the chair of operative surgery and gynecology and called Dr. Campbell to be professor and in 1881 he became professor of principles and practice of surgery in his alma mater. Among many appointments held, he was president of the American Medical Association in 1884; one of the founders of the American Gynecological Society; vice-pres dent in 1881; and vice-president of the American Surgical Society; president of the Med'cal Association of Georgia; corresponding member of the Imperial Academy of