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  of Lucca and Piombino. When she reviewed the troops of the duchy of Tuscany, her husband acted as aide-de-camp. She introduced many improvements.

In 1817 she retired to Bologna, but the following year she was obliged to go to Austria. Here she lived, at first, with her sister Caroline; afterwards with her own family at Trieste, where she called herself the countess Compignano. She died August 7th., 1820, at her country seat, Villa Vicentina, near Trieste. In that city she was distinguished for her benevolence. She left a daughter, Napoleona Elise, born June 3rd., 1806, and a son, who remained under the guardianship of their father, although she requested that her brother Jerome, might have the charge of them.

This princess was endowed with superior abilities, but she sullied them by great faults. Subjugated by imperious passions, and surrounded by unworthy flatterers, she has been accused of many immoralities, and her conduct was certainly deserving of great censure. But had she belonged to the old regime her character would have suffered less from public scandal. The family of Napoleon had to share with him in the obloquy of being parvenues.

BACHE, SARAH, The only daughter of Benjamin Franklin, was born at Philadelphia, September, 1744. But little is known of her early years, yet, as her father knew well the advantages of education, it is probable that hers was not neglected. In 1767, Miss Franklin was married to Richard Bache, a merchant of Philadelphia, but a native of Yorkshire. In the troublous times which preceded the American Revolutionary War, Dr. Franklin had acted a conspicuous part; his only daughter was thus trained in the duty of patriotism, and she was prepared to do or to suffer in the cause of her country. Mrs. Bache took an active part in providing clothing for the American soldiers, during the severe winter of 1780. The marquis de Chastellux notices a visit he made to her about this time.

A letter of M. de Marbois to Dr. Franklin, the succeeding year—thus speaks of his daughter:—"If there are in Europe any women who need a model of attachment to domestic duties and love for their country, Mrs. Bache may be pointed out to them as such. She passed a part of the last year in exertions to rouse the zeal of the Pennsylvania ladies, and she made on this occasion such a happy use of the eloquence which you know she possesses, that a large part of the American army was provided with shirts, bought with their money, or made by their hands. In her applications for this purpose, she showed the most indefatigable zeal, the most unwearied perseverance, and a courage in asking, which surpassed even the obstinate reluctance of the Quakers in refusing."

Such were the women of America during the long and fearful struggle which preceded the Independence of the United States. Few, indeed, had the talents and opportunities to perform so many benevolent deeds as Mrs. Bache; her patriotism has made her an example for her countrywomen. She died in 1808, aged sixty-four years.

BACON, ANNE, distinguished by her piety, virtue, and learning, was the second daughter of Sir Anthony Cook, preceptor to king Edward