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possible that the last five names were originally given as sons of Heth, and the previous four as sons of Zidon? $18b$ might mean that the Canaanite clans emanated from Phœnicia, and were afterwards 'dispersed' over the region defined by $19$.—The change from in $15$ to in $18b. 19$ is hardly sufficient to prove diversity of authorship (Gu.)

] The oldest of the Phœnician cities; now Ṣaidā ?|P3 yes], nearly 30 miles S of the promontory of Beirūt. Here, however, the name is the eponym of the Ẓidonians, as the Phœnicians were frequently called, not only in OT (Ju. 18$7$ 3$3$, 1 Ki. 5$20$ 16$31$ etc.) and Homer (Il. vi. 290 f., etc.), but on the Ass. monuments, and even by the Phœnicians themselves (Mey. EB, iv. 4504).

] elsewhere only in the phrases, (ch. 23 pass. 25$10$ 27$46b$ 49$32$ [all P]); other writers speak of []. The Ḥittites (Eg. Ḫeta, Ass. Ḫatti) were a northern non-Semitic people, who under unknown circumstances established themselves in Cappadocia. They appear to have invaded Babylonia at the close of the First dynasty (c. 1930 ) (King, Chronicles conc. early Bab. Kings, p. 72 f.). Not long after the time of Thothmes (1501-1447), they are found in N Syria. With the weakening of the Eg. supremacy in the Tel-Amarna period, they pressed further S, occupying the Orontes valley, and threatening the Phœnician coast-cities. The indecisive campaigns of Ramses seem to have checked their southward movement. In Ass. records they do not appear till the reign of Tiglath-pileser (c. 1100), when they seem to have held the country from the Taurus and Orontes to the Euphrates, with Carchemish as one of their chief strongholds. After centuries of intermittent warfare, they were finally incorporated in the Ass. Empire by Sargon (c. 717). See Paton, ''Syr. and Pal.'' 104 ff.—The OT allusions to the Ḥittites are extremely confusing, and cannot be fully discussed here: see on 15$19-21$ 23$3$. Besides the Palestinian Ḥittites (whose connexion with the people just spoken of may be doubtful), there is mention of an extensive Ḥittite country to the N of Palestine (2 Sa. 24$6$ [G$L$], 1 Ki. 10$2$9, 2 Ki. 7$6$ al.). The most important fact for the present purpose is the definite location of Ḥittites in the Lebanon region, or at the foot of Hermon (Jos. 11$3$ [G$B, al.$] and Ju. 3$3$ [as amended by Mey. al.]), cf. Ju. 1$26$?). It does not appear what grounds Moore (Ju. 82) has for the statement that these Ḥittites were Semitic. There is certainly no justification for treating (with Jast. EB, 2094) in this v. as a gloss.

The four names which follow are names of Canaanitish clans which constantly recur in enumerations of the aborigines of Palestine, and seldom elsewhere.

(1) ] The clan settled in and around Jerusalem: Jos. 15$8$ 18$28$, Ju. 19$10$, 2 Sa. 5$6-9$ etc.

(2) ] An important politico-geographical name in the Egyptian and cuneiform documents (Eg. Amor, etc., Ass. Amurru). In the TA Tablets the 'land of Amurru' denotes the Lebanon region behind the Phœnician coast-territory. Its princes Abd-Aširta and Aziru were then the most active enemies of the Egyptian authority in the north, conducting successful operations against several of the Phœnician cities. It has been supposed that subsequently to these events the