Page:A critical and exegetical commentary on Genesis (1910).djvu/315



(3) ] commonly supposed to be the Lybians, the of Nah. 3$9$, Dn. 11$43$, 2 Ch. 12$3$ 16$8$, [Ezk. 30$5$?]. Müller thinks it a variant of (1).

(4) ] Müller proposes  = P-to-n-'ḥe, 'cow-*land,'—the name of the Oasis of Farāfra. But there is a strong presumption that, as the next name stands for Upper Egypt, this will be a designation of Lower Egypt. So Erman (ZATW, x. 118 f.), who reads = p-t-maḥī, 'the north-land,'—at all periods the native name of Lower Egypt. More recently Spiegelberg (OLz. ix. 276 ff.) recognises in it an old name of the Delta, and reads without textual change Na-patûh—'the people of the Delta.' (5)  ] the inhabitants of  (Is. 11$11$, Jer. 44$1. 15$, Ezk. 30$14$), i.e. Upper Egypt: P-to-reši = 'south-land' (Ass. paturisi): see Erman, l.c.

(6) ] Doubtful conjectures in Di. Müller restores with help of G, which he identifies with the of Her. ii. 32, iv. 172, 182, 190,—a powerful tribe of nomad Lybians, near the Oasis of Amon. Sayce has read the name Kasluhat on the inscr. of Ombos (see on Kaphtorim, below); Man, 1903, No. 77.

(7) ] The Philistines are here spoken of as an offshoot of the Kaslûḥîm,—a statement scarcely intelligible in the light of other passages (Jer. 47$4$, Am. 9$7$; cf. Dt. 2$23$), according to which the Ph. came from Kaphtōr. The clause is therefore in all probability a marginal gloss meant to come after .—The Ph. are mentioned in the Eg. monuments, under the name Purašati, as the leading people in a great invasion of Syria in the reign of Ramses (c. 1175 ). The invaders came both by land and sea from the coasts of Asia Minor and the islands of the Ægean; and the Philistines established themselves on the S coast of Palestine so firmly that, though nearly all traces of their language and civilisation have disappeared, their name has clung to the country ever since. See Müller, AE, 387-90, and MVAG, v. 2 ff.; Moore, EB, iii. 3713 ff.

(8) ] Kaphtōr (Dt. 2$23$, Am. 9$7$, Jer. 47$4$) has usually been taken for the island of Crete (see Di.), mainly because of the repeated association of (Cretans?) with the Philistines and the Philistine territory (1 Sa. 30$14. 16$, Ezk. 25$16$, Zeph. 2$5$). There are convincing reasons for connecting it with Keftiu (properly 'the country behind'), an old Eg. name for the 'lands of the Great Ring' (the Eastern Mediterranean), or the 'isles of the Great Green,' i.e. SW Asia Minor, Rhodes, Crete, and the Mycenian lands beyond, to the NW of Egypt (see Müller, AE, 337, 344-53, 387 ff.; and more fully H. R. Hall in Annual of the British School at Athens, 1901-2, pp. 162-6). The precise phonetic equivalent Kptār has been found on a late mural decoration at Ombos (Sayce, HCM$6$, 173; EHH, 291; Müller, MVAG, 1900,

Egypt are all dependencies or foreign possessions, and are to be sought outside the Nile valley. The theory does not seem to have found much favour from Egyptologists or others.]
 * [Footnote: When this 'cuckoo's egg' is ejected, the author finds that the 'sons' of