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 kalion) of post-diluvian mankind. The identification is approved by Weizsäcker (Roscher's Lex. ii. 55 ff.), who holds that, having no Greek etymology, may be borrowed from the Semites (cf. Lenorm. ii. 173-193). See, further, Mey. INS, 221.

A curiously complicated astro-mythical solution is advanced by Wi. in MVAG, vi. 170 ff.

2-5. The Japhetic or Northern Peoples: fourteen in number, chiefly concentrated in Asia Minor and Armenia, but extending on either side to the Caspian and the shores of the Atlantic. It will be seen that though the enumeration is not ethnological in principle, yet most of the peoples named do belong to the same great Indo-Germanic family.

Japheth. |    |          |           |           |          |           |              | 1. Gomer. 5. Magog. 6. Madai. 7. Javan. 12. Tubal. 13. Meshech. 14. Tiras. |                                 |            |     |              |           |                         | 2. Ashkenaz. 3. RiphatH. 4. Togarmah. |                              -                               |             |            |              |                          8. Elishah. 9. Tarshish. 10. Kittim. 11. Rodanim .

(1) (G ): named along with Togarmah as a confederate of Gog in Ezk. 38$6$, is identified with the Galatians by Jos., but is really the Gamir of the Ass. inscr., the Cimmerians of the Greeks. The earliest reference to the (Od. xi. 13 ff.) reveals them as a northern people, dwelling on the shores of the Northern Sea. Their irruption into Asia Minor, by way of the Caucasus, is circumstantially narrated by Herodotus (i. 15, 103, iv. 11 f.), whose account is in its main features confirmed by the Ass. monuments. There the Gimirrai first appear towards the end of the reign of Sargon, attacking the old kingdom of Urarṭu (see Johns, PSBA, xvii. 223 f., 226). Thence they seem to have moved westwards into Asia Minor, where (in the reign of Sennacherib) they overthrew the Phrygian Empire, and later (under Asshur-bani-pal, c. 657) the Lydian Empire of Gyges (KIB, ii. 173-7). This last effort seems to have exhausted their strength, and soon afterwards they vanish from history. A trace of their shortlived ascendancy remained in Gamir, the Armenian name for Cappadocia; but the probability is that the land was named after the people, and not vice versâ; and it is not safe to assume that by P meant Cappadocia. It is more likely that the name is primarily ethnic, and denotes the common stock of which the three following peoples were branches.