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the Euphrates, it was resolved by the gods in council to send the Flood (abûbu) on the earth. Ea, who had been present at the council, resolved to save his favourite Utnapištim; and contrived without overt breach of confidence to convey to him a warning of the impending danger, commanding him to build a ship (elippu) of definite dimensions for the saving of his life. The 'superlatively clever one' (Atra-ḥasis, a name of Utnapištim) understood the message and promised to obey; and was furnished with a misleading pretext to offer his fellow-citizens for his extraordinary proceedings. The account of the building of the ship (l. 48 ff.) is even more obscure than Gn. 6$14-16$: it is enough to say that it was divided into compartments and was freely smeared with bitumen. The lading of the vessel, and the embarking of the family and dependants of Utnapištim (including artizans), with domestic and wild animals, are then described (l. 81 ff.); and last of all, in the evening, on the appearance of a sign predicted by Šamaš the sun-god, Utnapištim himself enters the ship, shuts his door, and hands over the command to the steersman, Puzur-Bel (90 ff.). On the following morning the storm (magnificently described in ll. 97 ff.) broke; and it raged for six days and nights, till all mankind were destroyed, and the very gods fled to the heaven of Anu and "cowered in terror like a dog."

"When the seventh day came, the hurricane, the Flood, the battle-*storm was stilled, Which had fought like a (host?) of men. The sea became calm, the tempest was still, the Flood ceased. When I saw the day, no voice was heard, And the whole of mankind was turned to clay. When the daylight came, I prayed, I opened a window and the light fell on my face, I knelt, I sat, and wept, On my nostrils my tears ran down. I looked on the spaces in the realm of the sea; After twelve double-hours an island stood out. At Nisir the ship had arrived. The mountain of Nisir stayed the ship" (ll. 130-142).

This brings us to the incident of the birds (146-155):

"When the seventh day came I brought out a dove and let it go. The dove went forth and came back: Because it had not whereon to stand it returned. I brought forth a swallow and let it go. The swallow went forth and came back: Because it had not whereon to stand it returned. I brought forth a raven and let it go. The raven went forth and saw the decrease of the waters, It ate, it it croaked, but returned not again."