Page:A critical and exegetical commentary on Genesis (1910).djvu/221

 son of 'Adah, is the father of all who handle lyre and pipe; the oldest and simplest musical instruments. These two occupations, representing the bright side of human existence, have 'Adah (the Dawn?) as their mother; recalling the classical association of shepherds with music (see Lenorm. i. 207).—22. Equally suggestive is the combination of Tûbal-ḳâyin, the smith, and Na'ămāh ('pleasant'), as children of the dark Ẓillah; cf. the union of Hephæstos and Aphrodite in Greek mythology (Di. al.).—The opening words of $a$ are corrupt. We should expect: he became the father of every artificer in brass and iron (see footnote). The persistent idea that Tubal-cain was the inventor of weapons, ''Ber. R.'', Ra. and most, which has led to a questionable interpretation of the Song, has no foundation. He is simply the metal-worker,

certainly a stringed instrument, played with the hand (1 Sa. 16$23$ etc.), probably the lyre (Greek ). The (associated with the in Jb. 21$12$ 30$31$: elsewhere only Ps. 150$4$) is some kind of wind instrument (VT$O$),—a flute or reed-pipe, perhaps the Pan's pipe .—22. ] in genealogies (as here, 4$26$ 10$21$ 19$38$ 22$20. 24$ [Ju. 8$31$]) is characteristic of J.—] G. Other Vns. have the compound name, and on the whole it is probable that is a corruption of, although the next cl. has alone.—] G , V qui fuit malleator et faber in cuncta opera aer. et f; S To get any kind of sense from MT, it is necessary either (a) to take ('sharpener' or 'hammerer') in the sense of 'instructor'; or (b) take as neut. ('a hammerer of every cutting implement of,' etc.); or (c) adopt the quaint construction (mentioned by Bu. 138): 'a hammerer of all (sorts of things),—a (successful) artificer in bronze,' etc! All these are unsatisfactory; and neither the omission of with G (Di.), nor the insertion of before it yields a tolerable text. Bu.'s emendation (139 ff.) [for ] is much too drastic, and stands or falls with his utterly improbable theory that Lamech and not Tubal-cain was originally designated as the inventor of weapons. The error must lie in the words, for which we should expect, (Ols. Ball). The difficulty is to account for the present text: it is easy to say that and are glosses, but there is nothing in the v. to require a gloss, and neither of these words would naturally have been used by a Heb. writer for that purpose.—] The Semitic words for 'iron' (Ass. parzillu, Aram. [Aramaic: **], Ar. farzil) have no Semitic etymology, and are probably borrowed from a foreign tongue. On the antiquity of iron in W. Asia, see Ridgeway, Early Age of Gr. i. 616 ff.
 * T$O$.