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 mother, see Benzinger, Archæol.$2$ 116. It is peculiar to the oldest strata (J and E) of the Hex., and is not quite consistently observed even there (4$26$ 5$29$ 25$25f.$, Ex. 2$22$): it may therefore be a relic of the matriarchate which was giving place to the later custom of naming by the father (P) at the time when these traditions were taking shape.—The difficult sentence connects the name  with the verb. But has two meanings in Heb.: (a) to (create, or) produce, and (b) to acquire; and it is not easy to determine which is intended here.

The second idea would seem more suitable in the present connexion, but it leads to a forced and doubtful construction of the last two words, (a) To render 'with the help of' (Di. and most) is against all analogy. It is admitted that itself nowhere has this sense (in 49$25$ the true reading is, and Mic 3$8$ is at least doubtful); and the few cases in which the synonym can be so translated are not really parallel. Both in 1 Sa. 14$45$ and Dn. 11$39$, the denotes association in the same act, and therefore does not go beyond the sense 'along with.' The analogy does not hold in this v. if the vb. means 'acquire'; Eve could not say that she had acquired a man along with Yahwe. (b) We may, of course, assume an error in the text and read = 'from' (Bu. al. after T$O$). (c) The idea that is the sign of acc. (T$J$, al.), and that Eve imagined she had given birth to the divine 'seed' promised in 3$15$ (Luther, al.) may be disregarded as a piece of antiquated dogmatic exegesis.—If we adopt the other meaning of, the construction is perfectly natural: I have created (or produced) a man with (the co-operation of) Yahwe (cf. Ra.: "When he created me and my husband he created us alone, but in this case we are associated with him"). A strikingly similar phrase in the bilingual Babylonian account of Creation (above, p. 47) suggests that the language here may be more deeply tinged with mythology than has been generally suspected. We read that "Aruru, together with him [Marduk], created (the) seed of mankind": Aruru zí-ír a-mí-lu-ti it-ti-šu ib-ta-nu (KIB, vi. 1, 40 f.; King, Cr. Tab. i. 134 f.). Aruru, a form of Ištar, is a mother-goddess of the Babylonians (see KAT$3$, 430), i.e., a deified ancestress, and therefore so far the counterpart of the Heb. (see on 3$20$). The exclamation certainly gains in significance if we suppose it to have survived from a more mythological phase of tradition, in which

literary school of J.—] [root] (Ar. ḳāna). In Ar. ḳain means 'smith'; = Syr. , 'worker in metal' (see 4$22$ 5$9$). Nöldeke's remark, that in Ar. ḳain several words are combined, is perhaps equally true of Heb. (EB, 130). Many critics (We. Bu. Sta. Ho. al.) take the name as eponym of the Ḳenites : see p. 113 below.—] All Vns. express the idea of 'acquiring' (, possedi, etc.). The sense 'create' or 'originate,' though apparently confined to Heb. and subordinate