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 creeds. "There is but little religion in the Churches," he says, "and that little graft is strangling" (p. 278).

BARETTI, Giuseppe Marc' Antonio, Italian writer. B. Apr. 25, 1719. After a scanty and irregular education, Baretti became a clerk, and afterwards a literary man. He migrated to London in 1751, and was a great friend of Dr. Johnson. He wrote an Italian dictionary and other works. In 1760 he returned to Italy, but his advanced views excited opposition which drove him back to England. The chair of Italian at Dublin University was offered to him. "He early abandoned the doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church without adopting those of any other" (). D. May 5, 1789.

BARLOW, George, poet. B. June 19, 1847. Ed. Harrow and Oxford (Exeter Coll.). His first volume, Poems and Son nets, appeared in 1871, and from that date until 1890 his output was considerable. Agnosticism is conspicuous in his work, especially in The Gospel of Humanity (1876), The Pageant of Life (1888), The Crucifixion of Man (1893), and Jesus of Nazareth (1896). His collected poems were published in 11 vols. (1902-14).

BARLOW, Jane, LL.D., Irish poet and novelist. B. Oct. 17, 1860, daughter of the Rev. J. W. Barlow, Vice-Provost of Trinity College. She opened her literary record with Bogland Studies in 1892, and reached a high position as a novelist. In 1894 she translated the Batrachomyomachia of Homer. A lady of rare culture, Miss Barlow hardly conceals her Agnosticism in a little volume of late poems, Between Doubt and Daring (1916). The first poem, "Harvest," closes: "Be to the great Dark gathered man and brute." She took a warm interest in the work of the R. P. A. D. Apr. 17, 1917.

BARLOW, Joel, American poet. B. Mar. 24, 1754. Ed. Dartmouth College and Yale. He served as chaplain in the War of Independence, and in 1785 he issued an edition of The Book of Psalms which was used in the Congregationalist Churches until he left the ministry. He next adopted law, but quitted the bar for letters and journalism, and in 1787 produced his famous poem, The Vision of Columbus. In the following year he went to France, where he adopted Deism (Life and Letters of J. Barlow, by C. B. Todd, 1886, p. 220) and translated Volney's Ruins. He was American ambassador at Napoleon's court in 1811. D. Dec. 24, 1812.

BARNAVE, Antoine Pierre Joseph Marie, French politician. B. Oct. 22, 1761. Ed. Grenoble. A very successful lawyer, and author of a Deistic Dictionnaire de Pensees, Barnave accepted the sounder principles of the Revolution, and in 1790 he was President of the National Assembly. He was " one of the greatest figures of "the French Revolution " (Nouy. Biog. Gen.), and it was his moderation and integrity that brought him to the guillotine Nov. 30, 1793.

BARNI, Professor Jules Romain, French educationist. B. June 1, 1818. Ed. College Royal, Amiens, and É}}cole Normale, Paris. Barni was professor of philosophy at Rouen (1851-61) and later at Geneva, where he worked zealously for an International Peace Congress. He returned to France in 1870, became General Inspector of Secular Instruction, and was for a time a member of Parliament. He translated Kant and wrote a number of works. Barni was of Cousin's school, but very anti-clerical. " Rationalism is my only religion," he said. D. July 4, 1878.

BAROT, Francois Odysse, French writer. B. 1830. Barot began his literary career as a journalist on La Réforme in 1849, and in 1865 he purchased and edited La Liberte. Later he founded the Revue des Cours Scientifiques et Littéraires, and he edited<section end="Barot, Francois Odysse" />