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 WAITZ

with great distinction, and in 1862 Presi dent Lincoln appointed him Associate Justice of the Utah Supreme Court. In 1865 he became District Attorney for Idaho ; but he retired to Chicago in the following year, and devoted himself to study and writing. Besides contributing n good deal to the periodical press, he published a Eationalistic History of the Christian Religion to the Year A.D. 200 (1881). Judge Waite was a zealous Abolitionist in the anti-slavery days, and was one of the earliest and stoutest advo cates of women suffrage among the public men of America. S. P. Putnam devotes several pages to him in his Four Hundred Years of Freethought (1894, pp. 815-17).

WAITZ, Professor Theodor, German psychologist and anthropologist. B. Mar. 17, 1821. Ed. Leipzig and Jena Universities. He studied mathematics and philosophy, and in 1844 began to teach at Marburg. In 1848 he was appointed professor of philosophy. Waitz edited Aristotle s Organon (2 vols., 1844), and wrote several works on psychology (chiefly his Lehrbuch der Psychologie, 1849). He was at that time a Herbartian. He developed on more empirical lines, and became a considerable authority on anthro pology. His mature views are found best in his Anthropologie der Naturvolker (4 vols., 1859-64). D. May 21, 1864.

WAKEFIELD, Edward, philanthropist. B. 1774. In early life Wakefield was a farmer, and in 1814 he settled as a land agent in London, and prospered. Deeply interested in popular education, and a strong supporter of Lancaster, he was brought into friendship with Francis Place and the Benthamites, whose views he shared. He had been brought up as a Quaker, but Dr. E. Garnett observes in his Life of E. G. Wakefield that the father had quitted that body. He wrote an impor tant work entitled Ireland : Statistical and Political (1812), and w r as sometimes con sulted by the Government on Irish affairs. 859

His benefactions were chiefly connected with education. D. May 18, 1854.

WAKEFIELD, Edward Gibbon, son of

preceding, statesman. B. Mar. 20, 1796. Ed. Westminster School and Edinburgh High School. After leaving school in 1812, Wakefield entered the service of the Italian envoy. Some years later he was guilty of a grave piece of misconduct, and he decided to move to the Colonies. He made so thorough a study of colonial conditions that a powerful association was formed in London to induce the Government to establish a colony on the lines he advo cated (the mature exposition of which will be found in his important work, A View of the Art of Colonization, 1849). An Act of Parliament was passed, and the colony of South Australia was founded. In 1838 Wakefield went to Canada as adviser to Lord Durham. About the same time he formed the New Zealand Association, later the New Zealand Colonization Society, which led to the annexation of New Zealand. For some years Wakefield con trolled the affairs of the colony from London, and in 1852 he went out as unofficial adviser to the Acting Governor. He was one of the first to formulate the enlightened principles of colonization which brought England so much credit in the nineteenth century. Dr. E. Garnett says in his biography (Edivard Gibbon Wake- field, 1898) : &quot; His sympathies were by no means ecclesiastical ; his creed appears to have been a masculine Theism&quot; (p. 300). He quotes Lord Lyttleton describing Wakefield as &quot; the man in these later days beyond comparison of the most genius and the widest influence in the great science of colonization.&quot; D. May 16, 1862.

WAKEFIELD, Gilbert, B.A., writer. B. Feb. 22, 1756. Ed. Free Schools, Nottingham and Kingston, and Cambridge (Jesus College). Son of a clergyman, Wakefield had a distinguished scholastic career, and he became a Fellow of Jesus 860