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 TYNDALL

UHLAND

philosophy. But he was now writing notable papers on his science, and in 1853 a lecture of his at the Eoyal Institution made a great impression. He was appointed professor of natural philosophy at the Institution, and was for some years a colleague of Faraday. In 1867 he succeeded Faraday as Superintendent of the Institu tion, and he continued to teach there until his retirement in 1887. He had in the early fifties contracted a warm friendship for his great fellow Eationalist, Huxley, and in 1857 they studied the Swiss glaciers together, Tyndall publishing the result in his Glaciers of the Alps (1860). He was appointed scientific adviser to Trinity House and the Board of Trade in 1866. Tyndall not only contributed materially to the advancement of his science, but the charm of his lectures and writings did much to interest the public in science. His Heat as a Mode of Motion (1863) and On Sound (1867) circulated very widely ; while a series of American lectures (Six Lectures on Light, 1873) made a profit of 7,000, which he generously devoted to the popularization of science in the United States. One of his greatest services to Rationalism was the outspoken address to the British Association at Belfast in 1874, when he occupied the Presidential chair. His ringing challenge, &quot; We claim, and we shall wrest from theology, the entire domain of cosmological theory,&quot; made a sensation. In a preface to the second edition of the Address he expressly declined the title of Atheist or Materialist, which is still at times given him. He was a strict Agnostic, leaving open &quot; the mystery in which we dwell.&quot; The Address and other Rationalist papers of his are most conveniently found in Lectures and Essays (of the R. P. A. Cheap Reprint Series, 1903). Tyndall was, like all his eminent Rationalist colleagues, a man of very high, almost austere, character. &quot; In the pursuit of pure science for its own sake, undisturbed by sordid considerations, he shone as a beacon-light to younger men&quot; (Enc. Brit.}. D. Dec. 4, 1893.

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TYSSOT DE PATOT, Symon, Dutch mathematician. B. 1655. Tyssot de Patot was born of a French refugee family in Holland, and he there passed from the creed of the Huguenots to extreme Ration alism. He was professor of mathematics at Deventer. In 1710 he published, under the pseudonym of &quot; Jacques Masse,&quot; Voyages and Adventures, which Reimmann considers as entitling him to include the author in his Dictionary of Atheists. Some attributed it to Bayle. It was translated into English in 1733. It puts arguments against Christianity (not Theism) in the mouths of imaginary priests of foreign lands, and the author was probably a Deist, not an Atheist. In his later Lettres choisies (1726) there are more direct, but very guarded, expressions of his heterodoxy.

UEBERWEG, Professor Friedrich,

Ph.D., German philosopher. B. Jan. 22, 1826. Ed. Gottingen and Berlin Univer sities. Ueberweg, who was the son of a Lutheran pastor, began to teach philosophy at Bonn in 1852. He was appointed extraordinary professor at Konigsberg in 1862, and ordinary professor in 1867. His System der Logik (1857) and other works showed great ability, but he is chiefly known by his widely-used history of philo sophy (Grundriss der Geschichte der Philo- sophie, 3 vols., 1863-66 ; Eng. trans., 1872). In his earlier years he followed Trendel- burg, but in his later period he adhered to Czolbe. Lange.the historian of Materialism, quotes Czolbe as saying that Ueberweg was &quot; an Atheist and Materialist &quot;; but he was not entirely Materialistic, and was what we should now call Agnostic. He regarded states of consciousness as material, but was a teleologist. He called himself an &quot; Ideal Realist.&quot; See M. Brasch, Die Welt-und Lebensanschauung F. Ueberweg (1889). D. June 9, 1871.

UHLAND, Professor Johann Ludwig,

LL.D., German poet. B. Apr. 26, 1787.

Ed. Tubingen University. He was trained

in law, and received a legal position in the

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