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 TEUELOVE

TUCKER

Hebrew, philosophy, philology, and religion. He was one of the most accomplished pub- lishers in London, and was greatly esteemed by scholars. In 1865 he brought out Triibner s American and Oriental Record, and in 1878 he began the issue of &quot; Triib- ner s Oriental Series,&quot; which ran to fifty volumes of oriental works. He published State Papers and the reports of learned societies ; and his services were ever ready for scholarly Rationalist works, with which he was in sympathy. His house was a meeting-place of culture, and he received the orders of the Crown of Prussia, the Ernestine Branch of Saxony, the Francis Joseph of Austria, the St. Olaf of Norway, the Lion of Ziihringen, and the White Elephant of Siam. D. Mar. 30, 1884.

TRUELOYE, Edward, publisher. B. Oct. 29, 1809. Truelove was early drawn into the Owenite movement, and was for nine years secretary of the John Street Institution. In 1844-45 he took part in the unfortunate community-experiment at New Harmony. In 1852 he opened a bookshop in the Strand, and some years later one in Holborn, largely for the sale of advanced literature ; and he published Voltaire s Philosophical Dictionary and Romances, Paine s works, and other Ration alist literature. In 1858 he was charged with publishing W. E. Adams s Tyrannicide. The prosecution was abandoned ; but twenty years later he was sentenced to four months imprisonment for publishing R. D. Owen s Moral Physiology, a Malthusian work. His admirers presented him with 200 after his release. D. Apr. 21, 1899.

TRUMBULL, General Matthew Moore,

American soldier. B. June 10, 1826. Trumbull migrated to America in his twenty-second year, and took part in the Civil War. Before the end of the war he had risen to the rank of Brigadier-General. General Grant made him Collector of Revenue for Iowa. He settled in Chicago in 1882, and engaged in journalism and literature. He wrote various volumes on 815

political and economic subjects, and many of his articles dealt with religion and philo sophy on Rationalist lines.

TSCHIRN, Gustav, German writer and lecturer. B. July 9, 1865. Ed. Breslau University. Tschirn was deeply religious in his college days, and was training for the Church, but the reading of Haeckel and of anthropological works converted him to Rationalism. In 1889 he took charge of the Free Religious Community (a sort of Ethical Society) at Breslau, where he still is. In 1892 he founded, and has since then edited, Geistesfreiheit. He has written a large number of popular Rationalist works (Bibel nur Menschenwerk, Der Mensch Jesus, etc.), and since 1901 has been President of the German Union of Freethinkers. In 1906 he was prosecuted, and received a month in prison, for a quite moderate Rationalist pamphlet. Pie recounts his experiences and tells his creed in Was Wir Ernst Haeckel Verdanken (i, 369-73).

TUCKER, Abraham, philosopher. B. Sept. 2, 1705. Ed. Bishop Stortford and Oxford (Merton College). He entered the Inner Temple, but was never called to the Bar. Being a wealthy man, he settled on his estate in the country, and devoted himself to agriculture. He was also a Justice of the Peace. Tucker meantime made a very serious study of philosophy, and adopted the principles of Locke and Hartley. In 1763 he published, under the pseudonym of &quot; Edward Search,&quot; Freeivill, Foreknowledge, and Fate, and in 1768 appeared his mildly Rationalistic Light of Nature Pursued (in four volumes). Three later volumes of his were published pos thumously. He became blind in 1771. D. Nov. 20, 1774.

TUCKER, Benjamin Ricketson, Ameri can writer. B. April 17, 1854. Ed. Mas sachusetts Institute of Technology. After working for some years in a printing office, Tucker in 1878 joined the editorial staff of a Boston daily. He adopted the 816