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 STANTON

STEFANONI

minorities (Chartists, Secularists, etc.) in England. He was a friend of Holyoake, and seems to have shared his ideas (see his letters in McCabe s Life and Letters of G. J. Holyoake). In 1859 he entered the House of Commons, and until 1895, when he retired from it, he gave very bold and generous support to reform. In 1863 he became a Junior Lord of the Admiralty ; in 1866 Under- Secretary of State for India ; in 1869 Privy Councillor and Financial Secretary to the Treasury; and in 1871 President of the Poor Law Board, and then first President of the Local Govern ment Board. He was created G.C.B. in 1895. D. Feb. 17, 1898.

STANTON, Elizabeth Cady, American reformer. B. Nov. 12, 1815. Ed. Johns town Academy. Miss Cady she was the daughter of Judge Cady completed her education very thoroughly, and learned Latin and Greek. In 1840 she married a prominent Abolitionist, H. B. Stanton, and was drawn into the movement. Through Lucretia Mott she passed on to the women s rights movement, and she was its venerated leader in America for fifty years. She was the first President of the National Woman s Suffrage Associa tion, and held that position until 1893. In 1868 she was a candidate for Congress ; and she travelled all over America lecturing for the movement. With Miss S. B. Anthony [SEE] she wrote a monumental History of Women Suffrage (4 vols., 1887- 1902) ; and she boldly brought out an expurgated edition of the Bible (The Woman s Bible, 1895). Like most of the early American reformers, Mrs. Cady Stanton was a Eationalist. In her auto biography she deplores that &quot; the religious superstitions of women perpetuate their bondage more than all other adverse in fluences &quot; (Eighty Years and More, 1897, p. 467). Lloyd Garrison s children record in their biography of their father that at an Abolition meeting Mrs. Cady Stanton said : &quot; In the darkness and gloom of a false theology I was slowly sawing off the 757

chains of my spirit-bondage when, for the first time, I met Garrison in London. A few bold strokes from the hammer of his truth, and I was free &quot; (W. Lloyd Garrison, 1885-89, iv, 336). In December, 1884, she had an article in the North American Review on &quot; What Has Christianity Done for Women?&quot; The answer was empha tically negative and hostile to Christianity. She seems to have been an Agnostic. D. Oct. 26, 1902.

STARBUCK, Professor Edwin Diller,

A.M., Ph.D., American psychologist. B. Feb. 20, 1866. Ed. Indiana, Harvard, Clark, and Zurich Universities. From 1884 to 1886 he taught in the public schools, and in 1890-91 at Spiceland Academy. In 1891 he was appointed professor of mathematics at Vincennes University ; in 1897 assistant professor of education at Stanford University ; in 1904 at Earlham College ; and since 1906 he has been professor of philosophy at Iowa State University. Professor Starbuck is a member of the American Philosophical Society, the American Psychological Asso ciation, the Eeligious Education Associa tion, etc. He is, like Professa Leuba, an expert on the psychological study of religion, and is outside all the creeds (The Psychology of Religion, 1899). In The Forward Look in Philosophy (1913) he adopts a Pantheist position. There are, he says, &quot; no distinct divine and human beings.&quot;

STEFANONI, Luigi, Italian novelist. B. 1842. Stefanoni was employed in the Ministry of Finance, but in 1859 he pub lished his first novel, Gli Spagnuoli in Italia, which gave the greatest offence to the Catholic Austrian authorities. He enrolled in Garibaldi s army and fought in the war of liberation. At first a Mazzinian, he adopted Garibaldi s more drastic Ration alism, and in 1866 founded II Libero Pensiero. In this he published serially his severe Istoria critica della Superstizione (republished in 2 vols., 1869). Besides

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