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 SCHILLEE

SCHLEIERMACHER

devoted himself to literature. He founded the Anti-Jesuite, which later changed its title to La Reformation au xix siecle. He presently abandoned his liberal Christianity altogether, and made a high literary reputa tion in the Revue des Deux Mondes and on the Temps. In 1871 he was elected to the National Assembly, and in 1875 to the Senate. His works on the Encyclopaedists (Diderot, 1880 ; Grimm, 1887) express his mature Rationalism. Professor Boutmy observes that he passed &quot;from the narrowest of faiths to the broadest of scepticisms &quot; (Taine, Scherer, Laboulaye, 1901, p. 52). See also O. Greard s Edmond Scherer (1890). D. Mar. 16, 1889.

SCHILLER, Ferdinand Canning Scott,

M.A., D.Sc., philosopher. B. 1864. Ed. Rugby and Oxford (Balliol). From 1893 to 1897 he was instructor in philosophy at Cornell University ; in 1897 he was appointed assistant tutor at Corpus Christi College, Oxford ; and since 1903 he has been Fellow and Senior Tutor of that college. Mr. Schiller is the chief English representative of Pragmatism, or, as he prefers to call it, Humanism. See his Riddles of the Sphinx (1891), Humanism (1903), and Studies in Humanism (1907). As a method of reaching conclusions Humanism is opposed to Rationalism as generally understood, since it affects to consider other faculties than reason. Like Professor James, however, Mr. Schiller is a Rationalist in his views of theology. He admits a philosophical Theism, but regards the beliefs about a future life as &quot; shadowy possibilities &quot; which the sensible man will not take too seriously (Humanism, p. 240).

SCHILLER, Johann Christoph Friedrich Yon, German poet. B. Nov. 10, 1759. Ed. Ludwigsburg. As his father was a soldier, Schiller was educated in a military school. He wished to study for the Church, but was compelled to take up the uncon genial study of medicine, and in 1780 he began to practise as a military doctor. Before he had left school, however, he

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had written Die Rduber (published in 1781) and a good deal of poetry, and he felt that his vocation was letters. . The Duke of Wiirttemberg, in whose service he was, forbade him to publish further, and he fled, to devote himself to dramatic pro duction. From 1783 to 1785 he had an appointment at the Mannheim Theatre. In 1787 his Don Carlos appeared, and increased his reputation. He settled at Weimar in 1787, and two years later Goethe got him a chair at Jena University. Here he made a serious study of philosophy and history, and wrote his history of the Thirty Years War. For a few years he worked in intimate co-operation and friend ship with Goethe, and both men produced their finest poetry. They founded a peri odical, Die Horen, in 1794 ; and in 1796 Schiller established the Musenalmanach, to which Goethe contributed. Both of Germany s great poets were at this time aggressive Rationalists. They wrote to gether, and published in the Musenalmanach (1797), a series of caustic and brilliant distichs, under the title of Die Xenien, in which religion and its representatives were pungently satirized. The Xenien were more or less an imitation of the epigrams of Martial, and have been translated into English by Dr. Paul Carus. This stimu lating period was followed by Wallenstein (1798-99) and Schiller s other great works. He was ennobled in 1802. D. May 9, 1805.

SCHLEIERMACHER, Professor Fried- rich Ernst Daniel, German writer. B. Nov. 21, 1768. Ed. Niesky Gymnasium, Barby Seminary, and Halle University. Schleiermacher s father was a Lutheran pastor, and Friedrich took up the same vocation. In 1794 he was appointed assistant preacher at Landsberg ; in 1796 preacher at the Charity Hospital, Berlin ; in 1802 Court preacher at Stolpe ; and in 1804 extraordinary professor of theology at Halle University. While at Berlin Schleiermacher had joined the Schlegels in the Romantic movement, and with F. 716