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 SANDWICH

SAELIN

1899. In the biography published by his nephew (Sir J. B. Sanderson, 1911) his Eationalism is rather grudgingly conceded : In earlier days Burdon Sanderson seems to have regarded religious questions from the standpoint of the ordinary orthodox Christian the standpoint in which he was brought up ; later on the problems pre sented seemed more difficult and the solu tion not so clear&quot; (p. 159). He &quot;seldom spoke of such matters,&quot; but he was at least a stalwart Anti-Vitalist all his life. D. Nov. 23, 1905.

SANDWICH, first Earl of. See MON TAGU, EDWARD.

SANTA MARIA, Domingo, President of the Eepublic of Chile. B. 1825. Santa Maria became a lawyer, and he was in 1845 appointed professor at the National Institution. In 1846 he began to edit El Orden, and from 1847 to 1850 he was Governor of the province of Colchagua. From 1851 to 1853, when the clericals were in power, Santa Maria had to live in Peru, and from 1858 to 1861 he was again in exile, mainly in England. After his return he became Minister of Finance, then a judge of the Supreme Court. From 1881 to 1885 he was President of the Eepublic, and he proved one of the ablest and most enlightened of its statesmen. The country was greatly improved, and, in the teeth of fierce clerical hostility, laws of divoi&quot;ce and civil marriage were passed and the privileges of the corrupt Church were restricted. An attempt was made to assassinate Santa Maria. At the close of his term of office he became President of the Seuate. D. 1885.

SARCEY, Francisque, French dramatic critic. B. Oct. 8, 1827. Ed. Ecole Nor- male. Sarcey was a schoolmaster in the provinces for some years, but he lost his position by the free expression of his advanced ideas. He came to Paris in 1858, and devoted himself to journalism, writing on the Figaro, Illustration, etc.

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In 1859 he opened a brilliant career as dramatic critic on the Opinion Nationale, and in 1867 he passed to the Temps. For many years Sarcey s verdict was final in dramatic matters, and he also published various works, the most interesting being his autobiographical Souvenirs de jeunesse (1884) and Souvenirs d dge mur (1892). He was an outspoken Eationalist, and closely co-operated, from 1871 to 1884, with his friend About [SEE] on the anti clerical XIX Siecle. D. May 16, 1899.

SARDOU, Yictorien, French dramatist. B. Sep. 5, 1831. Sardou began the study of medicine, but the misfortunes of his family compelled him to abandon it and support himself by clerical work and tutor ing. He wrote also in the press, and was in time attracted to the stage. His first play, a bad failure, appeared in 1854. For many years he lived in an attic, in great privation, struggling for success. He nearly lost his life ; but in the early sixties his plays began to attract attention, and by the middle of the seventies his reputa tion was established. Robespierre (1902) and Danton (1905) were written for Sir Henry Irving. Sardou was admitted to the Academy in 1877. He abandoned the Church at an early age and joined one of the first Spiritualist circles at Paris, but did not persevere in that superstition. D. Nov. 8, 1908.

SARLIN, Alfred Bernhard, Finnish writer. B. 1860. Sarlin was an influen tial journalist who wrote Rulers by the Grace of God (1908) and Russia in the Light of the Facts (1908), which roused considerable controversy. He was con demned to four months in prison for translating Kropotkin s Terror in Russia, and in 1912 he began a large work, Humbug as Lord of the World, which was to consist of twenty parts and deal drasti cally with religious shams. Only nine parts were published at the time of his death. They were aggressively Eation- alistic, and Sarlin was condemned to six

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