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 EEINACH

REINACH

tianity. His views were first embodied in the anonymous Wolfenbiittelsche Fragmente, which Lessing published in 1774. The work created a sensation, and opened the fruitful period of Biblical criticism in Germany. Reimarus had, however, suffi ciently disclosed his Rationalism in a work published during his lifetime, Vornehmste Wahrheiten der natiirlichen Eeligion (1754). In 1750 he had edited the Roman historian Dio Cassius. D. Mar. 1, 1768.

REINACH, Joseph, L. en D., French writer and politician. B. Sep. 30, 1856. Ed. Paris. The Reinachs were of a Jewish family which had come from Frankfort and settled in France. Joseph Reinach studied law, and was admitted to the Paris Bar ; but under the influence of Gambetta, with whom he entirely agreed, he took to politics. In 1877 he became associate editor of the Revolution Franqaise. Four years later Gambetta made Reinach his chef de cabinet. He returned to his paper at the fall of Gambetta, but he secured election to the Chambre in 1889, and he was one of the most spirited defenders of Dreyfus and opponents of the Church. From 1890 to 1898 he was a member of the Conseil Superieur de 1 Agriculture and of the Conseil Superieur de 1 Assistance Publique ; and in 1907 he was appointed to the Conseil Superieur des Prisons. Dr. Reinach belongs to the Legion of Honour. His works include a sympathetic study of Diderot (1894) and an authoritative life of Gambetta (Leon Gambetta, 1884) ; and he edited the eleven volumes of Gambetta s speeches.

REINACH, Salomon, French philologist and archaeologist, brother of the preceding. B. Aug. 29, 1858. Ed. Lycee Condorcet, Ecole Normale, and Ecole d Athenes. In 1882 he was appointed secretary of the Archaeological Commission of Tunisia; in 1886 he joined the staff of the National Museum; in 1888 he became auxiliary professor at the Louvre ; and since 1902 he has been Conservator of the National 645

Museum of Antiquities at Saint Germain and professor at the Louvre. Since the publication of his Manuel de philologie classique (2 vols., 1883-84) Professor Reinach has published a large number of valuable literary and archaeological works. His Apollo (1904 ; Eng. trans., The Story of Art Throughout the Ages) is a notable manual of the history of art, and he is one of the leading French authorities on the science of religion, from which he removes all supernatural elements (Cultes, mythes, et religions, 3 vols., 1905-1908 ; and Orpheus, 1909; Eng. trans., 1909). The latter work is an important and original study of the evolution of religion on advanced Rationalist lines. M. Reinach is an Officer of the Legion of Honour, and a member of the Academy of Inscriptions, the German Archaeological Institute, the Berlin and Vienna Anthropological Societies, the Archaeological Society of Athens, and the Swedish Academy. He translated into French Schopenhauer s Uber den Willen in der Natur (1886).

REINACH, Professor Theodore,

D. en Dr., D. es L., French historian and archaeologist, brother of the preceding. B. July 3, 1860. Ed. Lycee Condorcet, Ecole des Hautes Etudes, and Ecole de Droit. At the termination of his brilliant academic course Reinach the youngest of the three distinguished brothers qualified in law, and practised at the Paris Court of Appeal. He was, however, chiefly interested in history and archaeology, and his series of learned works opened with his Histoire des Israelites in 1885. His Mithridate Eupator (1890) was crowned by the Academy. In 1894 he was appointed professor at the Faculty of Letters, and in 1901 at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes. From 1888 to 1907 he edited the Gazette des Beaux Arts and the Revue des Etudes Grecques. He is an Officer of the Legion of Honour and of Public Instruction, President of the Societe des Etudes Juives and the Societe de Linguistique, Com mander of the Order of the Medjidieh and G46