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 MUIEHEAD

MUECHISON

great musician was merely a Theist. He took his Freemasonry (which is sternly condemned by the Catholic Church) very seriously, and in a letter to his father in 1778 he explained that this was his only creed (Wilder, pp. 232-33). When he lay in resigned expectation of death, he refused to ask for a priest ; and, although his wife sent for one, the request was refused. He was buried in the common grave of the poor, with no service (pp. 310-11). The Catholic Encyclopaedia, in claiming him, conceals all these undisputed facts, and half the popular lives of Mozart are hardly less misleading. The authoritative life by A. Ulibichev (Mozart s Leben, 1847) tells how he said, referring to the orthodoxy of his youth : &quot; That is all over, and will never come back &quot; (i, 243). D.Dec. 5, 1791.

MUIRHEAD, Professor John Henry,

M.A., LL.D., philosopher. B. 1855. Ed. Glasgow Academy and University, and Oxford (Balliol). Muirhead was first class Classical in Moderations. He was ap pointed assistant to the professor of Latin at Glasgow University, and later lecturer in philosophy at Bedford College, London, and the Eoyal Holloway College. From there he passed to the chair of philosophy and political economy at Mason University College, Birmingham, and, since its incor poration in 1900, he has been University professor of philosophy. Professor Muir head has taken a great interest in the Ethical Movement, though he belongs rather (like Bosanquet) to the school of Absolute Idealists. His views are chiefly given in his Philosophy and Life (1902), Elements of Ethics (1910), and Social Purpose (1918). In an article which he contributed to the Ethical symposium, Ethics and Eeligion (1900), he says : &quot; The claims of priests and Churches to be the depositories and administrators of a system of divinely-given commands are ground less &quot; (p. 304).

MULLER, Professor F. Max. See

MAX MULLER, PROFESSOR F.

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MUNSTERBERG, Professor Hugo,

Ph.D., M.D., American psychologist. Ed. Leipzig and Heidelberg Universities. From 1887 to 1892 Miinsterberg taught psycho logy at Freiburg University. He then went to America, and was appointed pro fessor of psychology and director of the psychological laboratories at Harvard Uni versity. He resigned in 1914, when a wealthy American offered ten million dollars to the University if it would dis miss him (for defending Germany s action in the War). He was a very able psycho logist, and was President of the American Psychological Association (1898), Vice- President of the International Congress of Arts and Sciences at St. Louis (1904) and of the International Philosophical Congress at Heidelberg (1908), and Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. From 1903 to 1914 he edited the Harvard Psychological Studies, and his works (Psychology and Life, 1899 ; Science and Idealism, 1906 ; Eternal Life, 1908 ; Psycho logy and the Teacher, 1909, etc.) had much importance for applied psychology. He disdainfully rejected the idea of personal immortality, and thought it could be desirable &quot; only to a cheap curiosity &quot; (Psychology and Life, p. 280), but con tended for &quot;eternal life&quot; in a vague, impersonal sense. D. Dec. 16, 1916.

MURCHISON, Sir Roderick Impey,

Bart., K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., F.E.S., geologist. B. Feb. 19, 1792. Ed. Durham Grammar School and Great Marlow Mili tary College. In 1807 Murchison joined the 36th regiment and fought in Portugal. Four years later he was A.D.C. to General Mackenzie. When the war was over and he quitted the army, he thought at first of entering the Church, but he turned to geology instead of theology, and reached the front rank of his science. He was the leading authority on the Silurian rocks (The Silurian System, 1838), and was admitted to the Eoyal Society in 1826. From 1843 to 1847 he was President of the Geological Society, and was knighted 542