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 MARILLIER

MARKS

He belonged to most of the learned societies of Europe. In his Mariette Pacha (1904) his brother, E. Mariette, explains that he had no religious beliefs. He never entered a church, and he &quot;found no charm in the pastorals and fictions of which we have a prodigious heap in Christianity &quot; (p. 226). D. Jan. 19, 1881.

MARILLIER, Professor Leon, French writer. B. 1842. Marillier lectured on the religions of non-civilized peoples at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes, and was pro fessor of psychology and ethics at the Sevres Ecole Normale Superieure des Jeunes Filles. He was a high authority on the psychology of religion, and he trans lated into French Andrew Lang s Myths, Cults, and Religions (1896). He was also joint editor of the Revue de I histoire des religions. A zealous and grave idealist, he lectured frequently for the Anti-Alcoholic League, the Peace League, and the Moral Improvement League. D. 1901.

MARIO, Alberto, Italian statesman. B. June 3, 1825. Mario took a very prominent part in the emancipation of Italy. He edited the Tribuno and Italia Libre, and was closely associated with Garibaldi in his campaigns. In 1857 he married Miss Jessie White, an English lady, who joined devotedly in the work. Mario was no more religious than Gari baldi, as he shows in his Slavery and Thought (1860). He was several times imprisoned in the course of the struggle. D. June 2, 1883.

MARIO, Jessie White, writer. B. May 9, 1832. Ed. private schools. Miss White was a daughter of the ship-builder Thomas White, and she developed advanced views on religion while at school. She took to writing and teaching, her first novel, Alice Lane, appearing in 1853. At Paris she adopted the views of Lamennais [SEE] , but she went on to Italy and became an enthusiastic follower of Mazzini and Gari- Jbaldi. She translated Garibaldi s Memoirs, 481

and rendered immense service to the Italian cause in England, America, and Italy. In 1857 she married Alberto Mario, and she shared the fortunes of the insur gents until they triumphed. Her Birth of Modern Italy (1909) is one of the best accounts of the great struggle. The intro duction is a sketch of her life by the Duke Litta Visconti Arese. She wrote also lives of Garibaldi and Mazzini and other works. Her funeral was, by her command, purely secular, and was greatly honoured by the Italians. D. Mar. 5, 1906.

MARK, Professor Edward Laurens,

Ph.D., LL.D., American anatomist. B. May 30, 1847. Ed. Michigan and Leipzig Universities. He was instructor in mathe matics at Michigan University 1871-72, astronomer of the U.S. North-West Boun dary Survey 1872-73, instructor in zoology at Harvard 1877-83, assistant-professor 1883-85, and has been Hersey professor of anatomy at Harvard and Director of the Bermuda Biological Staff of Research since 1885. Professor Mark is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the Ameri can Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Anatomische Gesellschaft, and other learned bodies. In Was Wir Ernst Haeckel Ver- danken (ii, 305) he has a high appreciation of Professor Haeckel, and believes that his Monistic philosophy &quot; will in time deeply influence all thoughtful and impartial people.&quot;

MARKS, Professor Erich, German his torian. JB. Nov. 17,1861. Ed. Strassburg, Bonn, and Berlin Universities. In 1887 he was appointed teacher of history at Berlin University, and in 1893 ordinary professor at Freiburg. Since 1894 he has been professor of history at Leipzig Univer sity. Professor Marks has written a study of Queen Elizabeth and other historical works. He occasionally lectures for the German Ethical Societies.

MARKS, Murray, merchant. B. 1840. Mr. Marks was one of the most expert and 482 s