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earth to men of goodwill &quot; (p. 89). In La religion (1917) he develops the same Agnostic religion of humanity and inspiring human idealism.

LOMBROSO, Professor Cesare, M.D.,

Italian criminologist. B. Nov. 18,1836. Ed. Turin and Pavia Universities. Lombroso, who came of Jewish parents, composed poetry and tragedy at the age of eleven, and before he was twenty he knew Chinese, Chaldaic, and Hebrew, and had a remark able command of philology and archaeology. In 1862 he was appointed professor of mental diseases at Pavia University, and he was afterwards professor of legal medicine and the clinic of nervous and mental diseases at Turin University until he died. He was an Officer of the Order of the Crown of Italy, and a member of many learned societies. From 1863 on ward he wrote voluminously on mental disease, and in the seventies he took up the study of crime as a form of disease. For many years he edited the Archivio di psychiatria. His chief work, L Uomo Delinquente (1875), did much to hasten prison reform. He was an Agnostic, and an Honorary Associate of the E. P. A. In his last five years he was seduced by Spiritualist frauds, and worked out a curious theory that the mind was a material fluid, but immortal. His daughter explains in her biography that in those years her father was a physical wreck, and could neither eat nor sleep (C. Lombroso, 1915, p. 416). D. Oct. 19, 1909.

LONDON, Jack, American novelist. B. Jan. 12, 1876. He went to sea at the age of seventeen, and then tramped over the United States and Canada. For a time, in 1894, he studied at California University, but he abandoned his studies to join the rush to Klondike. He next devoted himself to journalism, especially in Socialist periodicals, and discovered attractive literary qualities. His novels (Son of the Wolf, 1900 ; Call of the Wild, 1903, etc.) were powerful and popular, and 455

his premature death was greatly deplored. His drastic Eationalism finds some expres sion in his Before Adam (1907). D. Nov. 22, 1916.

LONG, George, classical writer. B. Nov. 4, 1800. Ed. Macclesfield Grammar School and Cambridge (Trinity College). After a distinguished scholastic course,. Long went as professor of ancient lan guages to the University of Virginia, where he became very friendly with Jefferson. He returned to England, and was professor of Greek at London University College from 1828 to 1831. In 1831 he began to edit the Quarterly Journal of Education, and he was for years the most active spirit in the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. He worked also in geology, and was one of the founders of the Geo logical Society. He edited The Penny Cyclopedia 1833-46, was professor of Latin at London University College 1842-46, and was classical lecturer at Brighton College 1849-71. His able trans lations of the classics (chiefly Marcus Aurelius and Epictetus) belong to the last phase. In his chief work, The Decline of the Roman Republic (5 vols., 1864-74),. he shows his dissent from Christianity, though he was a Theist ; and his Eation alism is more plainly expressed in his An Old Man s Thoughts About Many Things (1862, pp. 24, 46, 213, etc.). There is a biographical sketch by H. J. Matthews. (1879). D. Aug. 10, 1879.

LONG, Professor John Harper, Sc.D.,. American chemist. B. Dec., 1856. Ed* Tubingen, Wurzburg, and Breslau Univer sities. In 1881 he was appointed professor of chemistry at the North Western Univer sity Medical School, and from 1913 to 1917 he was Dean of the School of Pharmacy at that institution. He is a member of the Eeferee Board of consulting scientific experts of the U.S. Department of Agri culture, the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the A.M. A., and the Washing ton Academy of Sciences. In 1903-1904 456