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 LLOKENTE

LOCKE

French philologist. B. Feb. 1, 1801. Ed. Lycee Louis le Grand. He was at first secretary to Count Daru. He then took up the study of medicine, but the death of his father compelled him to abandon it, and he became a teacher of mathematics. In 1839 he was admitted to the Academy of Inscriptions, and in 1871 to the French Academy. He was elected to the National Assembly in 1871, and was in 1875 made a life member of the Senate. The literary work by which Littr6 won these distinctions had put him in the first rank of French writers. He translated Hippocrates from the Greek, Pliny from the Latin, and Miiller and Strauss (Leben Jesu) from the German. His chief work, the Dictionnaire de la langue franqaise (o vols., 1866-77), is monumental. Littre was a Positivist, though he was less mystical than Comte. He was for years kept out of the Academy by Bishop Dupanloup, who resigned when he was admitted ; and he wrote a number of Positivist works. With consummate insolence the Catholic Encyclopedia claims him as a Catholic, and says : &quot; Towards the end of his life, yielding to the entreaties of his wife and daughter, he had long interviews with Fr. Milleriot, S.J., and finally asked to be baptized ; and he died in the Catholic Church.&quot; The truth about Littr6 s end, which even Professor Caro leaves obscure in his M._ Littre et le Posi- tivisme (1883), is told by a Catholic writer, J. d Arsac, in his Emile Littre (1893). He shows that the Jesuit baptized Littr6 when he was dying and speechless (&quot; ne parlait plus&quot;). D. June 2, 1881.

LLORENTE, Juan Antonio, Spanish historian. B. Mar. 30, 1756. He was ordained priest in 1779, and rose to high office in the Church. In 1781 he became Advocate of the Council of Castile, in 1782 Vicar-General of Calahorra, in 1789 General Secretary of the Spanish Inquisition, in 1806 Canon of the chief church of Toledo, and in 1807 Knight of the Caroline Order. But the Voltairean infiltration into Spain enlightened him, and he joined the French

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and was banished in 1813. In France he wrote an outspoken history of the Inqui sition (Historia critica de la Inquisition de Espaiia, 10 vols., 1822), for which he was suspended and forbidden to teach Spanish. He replied with an anti-Papal work, Por traits politiques des Papes, for which he was expelled from France. He went to Madrid, but died a few days after his arrival, Feb. 5, 1823.

LLOYD, John T., lecturer. B. Aug. 15, 1850. Mr. Lloyd went to the United States in his youth, and, after education in Lafayette College (Pa.) and the Union Theological Seminary (New York), he entered the Presbyterian ministry. He was appointed to the Noble St. Presby terian Church in Brooklyn in 1876, and later he served in the Presbyterian Church at Johannesburg. In 1903 a long mental struggle ended in his emancipation, and he returned to England and joined the National Secular Society, of which he is one of the leading lecturers.

LOCKE, John, philosopher. B. Aug. 29, 1632. Ed. Westminster School and Oxford (Christ s Church). He took pupils after graduating, and from 1661 to 1664 lectured at Oxford. In 1666, having taken up the study of medicine, he went to live as medical attendant in Lord Shaftesbury s house. Under his influence he was in 1672 appointed Secretary of Presentations, then Secretary to the Council of Trade. In 1675 he went to live in Montpellier for four years, and there he wrote the greater part of his famous Essay Concerning Human Understanding (published in 1690, after seventeen years labour on it), which has had an incalculable share in the rationalization of modern philosophy. It rejects all innate ideas, and makes expe rience the base of all real knowledge. Locke returned to England in 1688, and was appointed Commissioner of Appeals. ! He wrote also on toleration and education, and, to promote the royal scheme of uniting the Churches, he published a work which 452