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 LANFEEY

LANGLEY

ment of the Church. Lanessan is political editor of Le Siecle. He has the decora tions of the White Eagle, S.S. Maurice and Lazarus, the Northern Star, the Kising Sun, the Double Dragon, etc. He edited the works of Buffon, and has written many scientific and philosophical works. His Agnostic views may be read in his Morale des religions (1905), Morale naturelle (1908), etc.

LANFREY, Pierre, French historian. B. Oct. 26, 1828. Ed. Jesuit College, Chambery, College Bourbon, Paris, and Grenoble and Turin Universities. He was expelled from the Jesuit College for writing Voltairean skits on the Jesuits. He then .qualified for the law, but abandoned it for philosophy and history, publishing L Eglise et les philosophies, a vigorous defence of Eationalism, in 1855. His Histoire poli- .tique des papes (1860) is on the Index, and he published other Eationalist works. His chief work is his Histoire de Napoleon I (4 vols., 1867), a classic authority. In 1871 he entered the Chambre and became Minister to Switzerland. In 1875 he was nominated Life Senator. D. Nov. 15, 1877.

LANG, Andrew, poet and critic. B. Mar. 31, 1844. Ed. Edinburgh Academy, St. Andrew s, and Oxford (Balliol). He became a fellow of Merton, and undertook journalistic work on the Daily News and the Morning Post. An accomplished classical scholar, he translated Theocritus, Bion, and (with collaborators) Homer. Lang also obtained some distinction with his own verse, beginning with Ballads and Lyrics of Old France (1872). He was for many years literary editor of Longman s Magazine, and wrote a number of historical and literary works (History of Scotland, 1900, etc.). From the Eationalist point of view he is best known by his Custom and Myth (1884), Myth, Bitual, and Religion (1887), and Magic and Religion (1901). D. July 20 1912.

LANG, Professor Arnold, Ph.D., Swiss

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zoologist. B. June 18, 1855. Ed. Geneva and Jena Universities. He began to teach at Berne University in 1876, and was assistant at the Naples Zoological Station from 1878 to 1885 and Eitter professor of phylogeny at Jena University in 1886. He has been professor of zoology and com parative anatomy at Zurich University, and Director of the Zoological Institute, since 1889. In 1898-99 he was Eector of the university. His works (chiefly his Text-Book of Comparative Anatomy, Eng. trans., 1891) are authoritative in his science. In a glowing tribute to his master, Professor Haeckel, he describes himself as &quot; an Agnostic Freethinker &quot; (Was Wir Ernst Haeckel Verdanken, 1914, ii, 265).

LANGDALE, Baron. See BICKERSTETH, HENRY.

LANGE, Professor Friedrich Albert,

Swiss philosopher. B. Sep. 28, 1828. Ed. Zurich and Bonn Universities. From 1852 to 1861 he taught, successively, at Cologne, Berne University, and Duisburg. In 1870 he was appointed professor of inductive philosophy at Zurich University, and in 1873 at Marburg. The most notable of his many philosophical and economic works is his History of Materialism (Eng. trans., 3 vols., 1881), which is written from the Agnostic point of view (see, especially, the last chapter). The 1887 edition of his works has a biography by Cohen. D. Nov. 23, 1875.

LANGLEY, Walter, E.I., painter. B. 1852. Ed. Birmingham National School and School of Art. He was apprenticed to a lithographer, but he devoted his evenings to study, won a scholarship, and spent two years at South Kensington. He took up painting as his profession, and in 1882 settled in Cornwall. Langley has won gold medals by his pictures at Paris and Chicago, and he has had the coveted honour of being invited to paint an auto graph portrait for the gallery of the Uffizi 422