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 JUAREZ

KADISON

was still an undergraduate. He became a tutor, and had a deep liberalizing influence on two generations of Oxford men. Keenly interested in theology, he issued in 1855 an edition of Paul s Epistles, the heterodox notes of which gave great offence ; and there was strong opposition when he was appointed Regius Professor of Greek in the same year. Another agitation occurred when he contributed to Essays and Reviews in 1859, and he pub lished nothing further on theology. He became Master of Balliol in 1870, and he was Vice-Chancellor of the University from 1882 to 1886. His chief work is his magnificent translation of Plato (1871). Jowett s letters show that he not only discarded all ideas of the supernatural, but did not even believe in a personal God or personal immortality. In the Life and Letters he says that &quot; Voltaire has done more good than all the Fathers of the Church put together&quot; (ii, 38), and &quot;whether we shall recognize others in another life we cannot tell&quot; (ii, 91). In Letters of B. Joivett he writes, a year before his death, to Sir R. Morier [SEE] : &quot; I fear that we are both rather tending to some sort of Agnosticism &quot; (p. 236). D. Oct. 1, 1893.

JUAREZ, Benito Pablo, President of the Republic of Mexico. B. (of Indian parents) Mar. 21, 1806. Ed. Guelatao Seminary. Juarez was admitted to the Mexican Bar in 1834, and was appointed Judge of the Civil Court in 1842. When the Provisional Government was set up in 1845 he became its secretary, and two years later he was appointed Governor of Oajaca. Under his able and enlightened administration Oajaca made such progress that Juarez came to be regarded as one of the leading statesmen of the country. In 1855 he was chosen Minister of Justice and Ecclesiastical Affairs, and the corrupt clergy felt the heavy hand of their former brilliant pupil. He suppressed all the reactionary privileges of the Army and the Church. In 1857 he became Secretary of 393

the Interior and Chief Justice, and he was President of the Republic from 1858 to 1862 and from 1867 to 1872. Juarez was a sincere and effective reformer and a deadly enemy of the vicious Mexican Church. D. July 18, 1872.

JUDGE, Mark Hayler, architect. B. Feb. 26, 1847. Ed. St. Mary s National School and Parker s Endowed School, Hastings. His family name was Hayler, and he adopted the name of Judge in 1861. He was a member of the Paddington Vestry from 1886 to 1892, Chairman of the Metropolitan Board of Works Inquiry Committee from 1886 to 1889, Curator of the Parkes Museum of Hygiene from 1878 to 1882, and for some time Chief Surveyor to the Sanitary Assurance Association. Mr. Judge found time to work in numbers of educational movements. He was one of the founders of the Hampstead Ethical Society, and wrote The Ethical Movement in England (1902). He also helped to found the Shakespeare Society (1873), the Lon don Sunday Society (1875), the Sunday Philharmonic Union (1894), the Ruskin Union (1900), and various others.

JUNGHUHN, Franz Wilhelm, German naturalist. B. Oct. 29, 1812. Ed. Halle and Berlin Universities. Junghuhn was a surgeon in the Prussian Army, but was condemned to twenty years imprisonment on account of a duel. He escaped, and fled to Algiers, where he joined the Foreign Legion. In 1834 he took military service in the Dutch Indies, and he was appointed sanitary officer in Batavia. He wrote several scientific works on the Dutch islands, especially Licht en Schaduwbilden uit de binnenlanden van Java (1854), in which he freely expresses his Agnostic convictions. On his retirement to Holland he took an active part in propaganda, and helped to establish the Dageraad, the organ of the Dutch Rationalists. D. Apr. 20, 1864.

KADISON, Alexander, M.A., American

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