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 1896 Hunter was M.P. for North Aberdeen, and he warmly supported Bradlaugh in the House of Commons. In a published lecture to the Sunday Society, The Past and Present of the Heresy Laws (1878), he expresses his very advanced Rationalism. D. July 21, 1898.

HUTCHESON, Francis, philosopher. B. Aug. 8, 1694. Ed. private schools and Glasgow University. He obtained a license to preach in Ireland, where he was born, but he abandoned the idea of being a minister and opened a school. The success of his Inquiry into the Original of our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue, (1725) and his Essay on the Nature and Conduct of the Passions (1728) brought him offers of preferment, which he refused, as "his theology differed little from the optimistic Deism of his day" (). In 1729 he was appointed professor of moral philosophy at Glasgow University. Hutcheson was a Utilitarian, and he approached closely to the "greatest happiness" principle (E. Albee, Hist. of English Utilitarianism, 1902, p. 62). D. 1746.

HUTCHINSON, Professor Woods, M. A., M.D., American physician. B. (England) Jan. 3, 1862. Ed. Pennsylvania College and Michigan University. He began to practise medicine in 1884, was professor of anatomy at Iowa University 1891-96, of comparative pathology at Buffalo University 1896-1900, State Health Officer, Oregon, 1903-1905, clinical professor of medicine at New York Polyclinic 19071909, and lecturer on comparative pathology at the London Medical Graduates College 1899-1900. He edited Vis Medicatrix (1890-91) and the Polyclinic (1899-1900). Professor Hutchinson has published, besides his medical works, The Gospel According to Darwin (1898) and We and our Children (1912 see especially pp. 346-47), in which his strong Rationalist views are given.

HUTTON, James, M.D., geologist. B. June 3, 1726. Ed. Edinburgh High School and University, Paris, and Leyden. In 1750 he forsook medicine and took to chemistry, agriculture, and geology, in each of which he distinguished himself. Settling in Edinburgh in 1768, he became "the first great British geologist" (), and he also made discoveries in chemistry. In 1794 he startled the orthodox by issuing, in three volumes, a Deistic Investigation of the Principles of Knowledge and of the Progress of Reason from Sense to Science and Philosophy. His Theory of the Earth (2 vols.), one of the foundations of modern geology, was published in 1795. D. Mar. 26, 1797.

HUXLEY, Leonard, writer, son of T. H. Huxley. B. Dec. 11, 1860. Ed. University College School, St. Andrew's, and Oxford (Balliol). He was first class in Classical Moderations (1881) and in Litterae Humaniores (1883). After some years as assistant master at the Charterhouse, then as assistant to Prof. Campbell at St. Andrew's University, he devoted himself to letters, and became reader to Smith, Elder, and Co. He is now editor of the Cornhill. Among his works are Life and Letters of Huxley (2 vols., 1900), Scott's Last Expedition (1913), and Life and Letters of Sir J. Hooker (1918). Mr. Huxley shares his father's views and cordially supports the R. P. A., of which he is an Honorary Associate.

HUXLEY, the Right Honourable Thomas Henry, M.D., Ph.D., LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S., physiologist. B. (Ealing, London) May 4, 1825. Ed. private schools, London University, and Charing Cross Hospital. He was naval surgeon on the Rattlesnake 1846-50, and during its cruise he collected material for important papers on the Medusas and other Invertebrates. For these papers he was admitted to the Royal Society in 1851, and he received its medal in 1852. In 1854 he was appointed lecturer on Natural History at the Royal School of Mines, and naturalist to the Geological Survey. His zoological and