Page:A biographical dictionary of modern rationalists.djvu/219

 (1901), and Rousseau and Naturalism in Life and Thought (1903). Hudson shared Mr. Spencer's Agnosticism. D. Aug. 12, 1918.

HUEFFER, Francis, Ph.D., musical critic. B. May 22, 1845. Ed. Minister, Leipzig, and Berlin Universities. From Berlin, where he became a zealous Wagnerite, he came to London in 1869, and devoted himself to literary work. In 1871 he was appointed associate editor of the Academy, and in the same year he wrote a very appreciative notice of Swinburne's Songs Before Sunrise. In 1879 he became musical critic to the Times. He edited the New Quarterly Magazine, and wrote various libretti and works on music. Hueffer was naturalized in 1882. He was a great friend of W. M. Rossetti, and equally Rationalistic. D. Jan. 19, 1889.

HUEFFER, Ford Madox, writer. B. 1873. Mr. Hueffer is a son of the preceding and grandson of []. In addition to his many novels, poems, and literary works, he has published a Life of Madox Brown (1896), in which he sympathetically records his grand father's Rationalism; also Rossetti: A Critical Monograph (1902) and Henry James (1914).

HUERTA, General Victoriano, Mexican soldier and statesman. B. Dec. 23, 1854. Ed. Military College, Mexico City. Huerta was a full-blooded Indian, but his talent early attracted attention, and he was sent to College for seven years. When his education was completed, President Diaz offered him any position he cared to take, and he chose that of chief of the geographical and topographical bureau. He carried out very important surveying work in Mexico. Entering the regular army, he attained the rank of General in 1901 and greatly distinguished himself. In 1913 he arrested President Madero and constituted himself Provisional President. It is untrue that he was in any way involved in the death of Madero, but the United States forced him to resign. He was a born orator and leader, and a thorough Rationalist. D. Jan. 13, 1916.

HUET, Conrad Bushen, Dutch writer. B. Dec. 28, 1826. Ed. Leyden University. He studied theology, and was pastor in Haarlem until 1862, when his advanced views compelled him to leave the Church. He was joint editor of the Haarlemmer Courant 1862-68, editor of the Javabode (in Java) 1868-73, and editor of the Algemeen Dagblad van Nederlandisch Indie 1873-76. He afterwards settled in Paris and issued literary criticisms which some French writers compare to the work of Ste. Beuve. His Rationalism is chiefly seen in his Brieven over den Bijbel (1857) and the posthumous Brieven van B. Huet (1890). D. May 6, 1886.

HUGO, Victor Marie, French poet, novelist, and dramatist. B. Feb. 26, 1802. Ed. École Polytechnique, Paris. His father, a general, had him trained in mathematics, but he turned early to literature. He competed for an Academy prize at fifteen, and at seventeen he won three prizes for poems at Toulouse. About the same time he wrote the novel, Bug Jargol, which was published long afterwards. His Odes et Poésies (1822) won for him a pension from the King. His first drama, Cromwell, appeared in 1827, and for the following sixteen years he wrote mainly for the stage. After 1843 he wrote chiefly fiction, and he took an active part in advanced politics. With so many other Rationalists, he had to fly to Belgium in 1852. His greatest novel, Les Misérables (10 vols., 1862), appeared simultaneously in ten languages. In 1876 he entered the Senate. Hugo's Deistic Rationalism appears in many of his poems ("Le pape," "Religions et religion," etc.), but the last and most definite word may be read in Grant Duff's Ernest Renan (1901). He met Hugo in 1881, a few years before his death, and Hugo said that Christianity would soon