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 our problems are not in the future; they are of to-day" (Aug., 1919). Mr. Howe has written also a score of novels and literary works.

HOWELLS, William Dean, American poet and novelist. B. Mar. 1, 1837 (of Welsh-Quaker ancestors). He began early to work in his father's printing office, and became in turn compositor, journalist, and editor. His Poems of Two Friends (written with Piatt) attracted attention in 1860, and his Life of Lincoln in the same year got him the American Consulate at Venice, which occasioned his fine Venetian Life (1866). On his return to America he served on the editorial staff of, successively, the Tribune, Times, and Nation. He edited the Atlantic Monthly from J871 to 1881, and in 1886 he took charge of Harper's Magazine. His novels and other works give him a high position in American letters. Howells was brought up a Swedenborgian, but his poem, "Lost Beliefs" (Poems, 1886, p. 31), intimates that he had ceased to believe three decades ago. He was a Theist, and always tender about religion; but various passages in his Literary Friends and Acquaintance (1901) show that he was an advanced Rationalist. He tells an Agnostic friend, Parton: " A new light had then lately come into my life by which I saw all things that somehow did not tell for human brotherhood dwarfish and ugly " (p. 143). D. May 11, 1920.

HUART, Clément. See 

HUBBARD, Alice, American writer. B. June 7, 1861. Ed State Normal School, Buffalo, and Emerson College of Oratory, Boston. Miss Moore, as she was originally, married Elbert Hubbard, and was general superintendent of his Roycroft Shop, manager of the Roycroft Inn, and principal of the Roycroft School for Boys. Among her books is An American Bible (1911), in which she says of her husband: " Content to live in one world at a time, he has the genuine faith which does not peep into the Unknown, but lives to the full to-day, assured that the power which cares for us here will not desert us there " (p. 34,). She went down on the Lusitania May 7, 1915.

HUBBARD, Elbert, M.A., American writer. B. June 19, 1874. Ed. Tuft's College, Boston. He originated the Roycroft Shop, East Aurora, for the revival of handicrafts, especially the production of fine books, and established the Philistine. His lectures and very attractive writings especially Little Journeys to Homes of Good Men and Great gave him great influence in the United States, much to the detriment of the Churches. He and his wife were drowned on the Lusitania May 7, 1915.

HUBER, Marie, Swiss Deist. B. 1694. A most diligent reader, especially of the Bible and religious literature, from her early years, she wrote a number of works on religion (chiefly Monde Fol préféré au Monde Sage, 1731; and Système des Anciens et des Modernes, 1731) which attracted great attention. She was a beautiful woman of very strict character and religious feeling, and is commonly described as a Protestant; but her express denial of the eternity of punishment and other heresies put her outside all Protestantism of her time. D. June 13, 1753.

HUDSON, Professor William Henry, writer. B. May 2, 1862. Ed. private tutors. He was private secretary to Herbert Spencer from 1885 to 1889, Librarian at the National Liberal Club 1889-90, Librarian at Cornell University 1890-92, professor of English literature at Leland Stanford University 1892-1901, and professorial lecturer at Chicago University 1902-1903. In his later years he was Staff Lecturer on literature to the University Extension Board. He wrote, besides other works, An Introduction to the Study of Herbert Spencer (1894), Studies in Interpretation (1896), The Satan of Theology