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 GUIMET

GUENEY

wrote also, from the Agnostic standpoint, in the Nineteenth Century, Fortnightly, Mind, etc. She married the artist Ignaz Guggenberger.

GUIMET, Emile Etienne, French hierologist. B. June 26, 1836. He suc ceeded to his father s chemical business at Fleurieu-sur-Saone, and in his leisure took an interest in comparative religion. In 1876 he went on behalf of the Government to study religion in the Far East, and in 1879 he established the Guimet Museum (of comparative religion) at Lyons. In 1885 it was transferred to Paris and made over to the State. Guimet published his lectures (1904), and various works on oriental art, travel, and archaeology. He is an Officer of the Legion of Honour.

GULL, Sir William Withey, M.D., F.E.S., D.C.L., LL.D., physician. B. Dec. 31, 1816. Ed. privately. He taught in a Lewes school for some time, then graduated in medicine, and was lecturer at Guy s Hospital from 1843 to 1856. He was a Fellow of the Eoyal College of Physicians (1848), Fullerian professor of physiology at the Eoyal Institution (1847-49), physician and joint lecturer on medicine at Guy s Hospital (from 1856). He was also Censor of the College of Physicians, and member of the General Medical Council and the Senate of London University. In 1872 he was created a baronet, and was appointed physician to the Queen. Equally eminent as physician and lecturer, he delivered the Gulstonian Lectures, the Harveian Oration, and the Hunterian Oration. He was a close friend of James Hinton [SEE], and shared his Pantheism (see his Introduction to Life and Letters of J. Hinton, 1878). D. Jan. 29, 1890.

GUMPLOWICZ, Professor Ludwig,

LL.D., Polish sociologist. B. Mar. 9, 1838. Ed. Cracow and Vienna Universities. After practising law for some years at Cracow he was appointed teacher, then professor

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(1876), of public law at Gratz University. Gumplowicz wrote, both in German and Polish, a number of weighty works on law and sociology. He regarded religion as a natural psychological-sociological pheno menon, and ethics as a code imposed on the individual by the group. D. Aug. 24,1909.

GUNDLING, Professor Nikolaus Hieronymus, German jurist. B. Feb. 25, 1671. Ed. Leipzig and Halle Universities. In 1705 he became extraordinary, and in 1706 ordinary, professor of philosophy at Halle. In the following year he changed to rhetoric, and in 1709 to law, in which he followed the naturalist view of Thorn asius. He wrote extensively on law, philosophy, and history, from the Deistic point of view. D. Dec. 9, 1729.

GUNST, Frans Christiaan, Dutch writer. B. Aug. 19, 1823. Ed. Berne University. He refused to enter the ! Catholic priesthood, as was intended by ! his parents, and took to writing and book selling. With Junghuhn he founded the Dacjeraad, a Eationalist periodical, to which he frequently contributed ; and he wrote a number of biting criticisms of the Church of Eome. He was for some time secretary of the Amsterdam City Theatre, and was President of the Independent Lodge of Freemasons. D. Dec. 29, 1886.

GURNEY, Edmund, writer. B. Mar. 23, 1847. Ed. Blackheath and Cambridge (Trinity College). Gurney became a Fellow of Trinity in 1872, and devoted himself to music and reading, publishing a remarkable book, called The Power of Sound, in 1880. He qualified also in medicine, then aban doned medicine for law, and finally returned to philosophy and psychology. He assisted in founding the Society of Psychical Eesearch (1882), and, with Myers and Podmore, he published Phan tasms of the Living (1886). The work was for him one of inquiry, but in his Tertium Quid (2 vols., 1887) he, while rejecting a personal God and expressing

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