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 GUEPIN

GUGGENBEHGEE

reached a high office, and on his retirement in 1820 devoted himself to writing philo sophical works. He was a Theist, but rejected immortality. D. Oct. 15, 1866.

GUEPIN, Professor Ange, French physician. B. 1805. Ed. Paris. He adopted advanced ideas during his medical course, and after the Revolution of 1830 he was appointed professor at the Nantes School of Medicine. He actively co operated in establishing scientific con gresses in France. At the Napoleonic coup d etat in 1850 he was deposed, but in 1870 he became Prefect of Loire-Inferieure. He was a distinguished oculist and medical writer, a Saint-Sirnonian, and a strong Rationalist. D. May 21, 1873.

GUEROULT, Adolphe, French writer. B. Jan. 29, 1810. He was the son of a rich manufacturer, but he adopted Saint- Simonian ideas. In 1842 Guizot appointed him French Consul in Mexico, and in 1847 in Rumania. On his return to France he took an active part in industrial and political affairs. He edited La Presse and founded L Opinion Nationale. In 1863 he was elected to the Legislative Assembly and sat with the anti-clericals. His views are expounded chiefly in his Etudes de politique et de philosophic religieuse (1862). D. July 21, 1872.

GUERRA-JUNQUIERO, Abilio, Portu guese poet. B. Sep. 15, 1850. Ed. Coimbra University. Trained in law, he occupied various posts in the administra tion, and in time was recognized as a leader of the advanced Democrats. His poetry was immensely popular in Portugal, and much of it, as his A velhice de Padre Eterno (&quot;The Eternal Father s Old Age,&quot; 1885), is very anti-religious.

GUERRINI, Olindo, D. es L., Italian poet. B. Oct. 4, 1845. Ed. Ravenna, Turin, and Bologna University. Guerrini graduated in law, but he took to letters and became Librarian at Bologna Uni- 313

versity. His volumes of verse, Postuma (1877), Polemica (1878), and Nova Polemica (1879), gave him the lead of the natural istic school in Italy. His prose works show great learning and versatility. He was a Chevalier of the Crown of Italy and an Educational Councillor. In the Preface to his Nova Polemica he declares : &quot;I do not believe in God.&quot;

GUESDE, Jules Basile, French poli tician. B. Nov. 11, 1845. Guesde began his career as a clerk in the Foreign Office, but he adopted advanced opinions, and in 1871 he was compelled to fly to Switzer land on account of an article in his journal, Les droits de I homme. After his return to France in 1876 he established the first French Socialist organ, L Egalite, and led the Marxian Socialists. Guesde s opposi tion to M. Combes during the separation controversy was merely on the ground of the right of association. He is a strong Rationalist and humanitarian. In A. Brisson s Les Proplietes he says : &quot; We will say no ill of the priests. They were once useful. Their work is over. Let us get on with ours.&quot;

GUEUDEYILLE, Nicolas, French writer. B. about 1650. Ed. Rouen. He was a famous Benedictine preacher, who, being called to account for heresy, fled to Holland and quitted the Church. There he taught philosophy, edited a journal, and issued anti-Christian works (Dialogue de M. le baron de la Hontan et d un sauvage de I Amerique, 1704 ; Pensees libres, 1716, etc.). He was a very learned writer, and translated Plautus, Erasmus, T. More, etc. D. about 1720.

GUGGENBERGER, Louisa Sarah Bevington, poet. B. 1845. Of a Quaker family named Bevington, she early accepted the doctrine of evolution and embodied it, and its Rationalistic consequences, in her poetry. Darwin, who rarely read poetry, greatly appreciated her Keynotes (1879) and Poems, Lyrics, and Sonnets (1882). She 314