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 GAGE

GALLATIN

Verdanken (1914, ii, 160-64) he has high praise of his old master, Haeckel, &quot; the most far-seeing of all zoologists,&quot; and he describes himself as Agnostic.

GAGE, Matilda Joslyn, American writer. B. Mar. 24, 1826. Ed. New York. Daughter of an Abolitionist, Dr. Joslyn, she was brought up in a zeal for reform, and after 1852 she was prominent in the Abolitionist and Suffrage movements. In 1872 she was President of the National Women Suffrage Association, and she edited The National Citizen (1878-81), and co-operated with Miss Anthony [SEE] in writing the monu mental History of Woman Suffrage (3 vols., 1881-86). Mrs. Gage was one of the most advanced of the Rationalist women who were the soul of the movement in America (see her Woman, Church, and State, 1893). D. Mar. 18, 1898.

GAIDOZ, Henri, French philologist. B. 1842. Ed, Paris and Berlin. He was appointed professor of geography and ethno graphy at the Ecole Libre des Sciences Politiques in 1872, and professor of Celtic at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes in 1876. Gaidoz founded the Revue Celtique (1870) and the folklore magazine Nelusine (1877). He has published many valuable works on Celtic literature and comparative mythology of a pronounced Rationalist character.

GALDOS, Benito Perez, Spanish novelist and dramatist. B. 1845. Ed. State College, Canaries (where he was born), and Madrid University. From law, in which he was trained, he turned to letters, and became the most eminent and respected of modern Spanish writers. He has written about seventy novels, of which twenty (Episodios Nacionales) form an historical series cover ing the whole period of the struggle with the Church. He has also written sixteen plays, the most successful of which, Electro, (1901), brilliantly symbolizes the struggle of Church and Rationalism for the soul of Spain. Galdos, who was Republican

member of the Cortes for Madrid and member of the Spanish Academy, rendered magnificent service to Rationalism in Spain. The British Royal Society of Literature awarded him its medal on the ground that he was &quot; the most distinguished living representative of Spanish literature.&quot; D. Jan. 4, 1920.

GALIANI, Fernando, Italian statesman. B. Dec. 2, 1728. Ed. Rome and Naples Universities. He entered the clergy, and became canon of Amalfi in 1755. The King of Naples appointed him Secretary of State in 1759, and he was Secretary of the Legation at Paris from 1760 to 1769. Already a distinguished scholar, he asso ciated with the Encyclopaedists, and his correspondence with them (published in 1818) shows that he was a Deist, though he kept the ecclesiastical title of Abbe. In 1769 he returned to Naples, and was Councillor of the Commercial Tribunal. D. Oct. 30, 1787.

GALL, Franz Joseph, German anato mist. B. Mar. 9, 1758. Ed. Strassburg and Vienna Universities. He practised medicine at Vienna, but was much perse cuted for his Rationalistic writings and his phrenological views. Removing to Paris in 1807, he lectured there and in London on phrenology. Apart from phrenology, Gall contributed materially to our knowledge of the brain and nerves. His works are on the Index, and he refused religious ministration at death. D. Aug. 22, 1828.

GALLATIN, Albert, American states man. B. (Geneva) Jan. 29, 1761. Ed. Geneva University (first in mathematics, natural philosophy, and Latin translation). Developing advanced ideas in his youth, he left Switzerland for the United States in 1780, and spent some years of struggle as trader, teacher, farmer, and store-keeper. He acquired wealth, and entered politics in 1790 as a member of the State Legislature. In 1793 he was returned to the Senate, 276