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1856 at once put him in the front rank of British writers. In 1872 the Clergy Disabilities Belief Act enabled him to sur render his orders. In 1876 he was appointed with Huxley on the Scottish Universities Commission ; and in 1892 he became, to the anger of the clergy, Regius Professor of Modern History at Oxford. He was sole literary executor of Carlyle. Froude, who was much more of an artist than a thinker, remained all his life a Theist. D. Oct. 20, 1894.

FRY, John, writer. B. 1609. He was a Member of Parliament in 1648, and was on the committee for the trial of the King. Suspended in the House of Commons for blasphemy, he professed some sort of faith in the Trinity, but his later pamphlet, The Clergy in their Colours, was so heterodox that it was burned. Wood (Athen. Oxon., iii, 704-707) shows that he was a Deist. D. 1656 or 1657.

FULLER, Sarah Margaret, Marchioness of Ossoli, American writer. B. May 23, 1810. Ed. by father and at private schools. She began to learn Latin at six, and Greek at thirteen. Teaching in a school at Boston, she joined the Transcendentalists and edited their Dial, In 1844 she was literary critic of the New York Tribune. Settling at Rome in 1846, she married the Marquis of Ossoli in the following year. He took an active part in the rebellion against the Papacy and had to fly, and both were drowned within sight of New York. Margaret Fuller, a brilliant literary woman, was mystic and Theistic (or Pantheistic), but followed Goethe rather than the Boston school. &quot; You see how wide the gulf that separates me from the Christian Church,&quot; she says in her Credo (Appendix to Braun s Margaret Fuller and Goethe, 1910, p. 254). Emerson, Channing, and T. W. Higginson wrote biographies of her. D. June 16, 1850.

FURBRINGER, Professor Max, Ph.D., M.D., German anatomist. B. Jan. 30, 1846.

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Ed. Gera Gymnasium, and Jena and Berlin Universities. He was anatomical assistant at Jena 1870-73, prosector at Heidelberg 1874-79, professor of anatomy at Heidel berg 1876-79, at Amsterdam 1879-88, and at Jena 1888-1901 ; and he has been back at Heidelberg University since 1901. Fiir- bringer is a Privy Councillor, and one of the leading anatomists of Germany. In Was Wir E. Haeckel Verdanken (1914, ii, 335-50) he acknowledges himself a Monist, and warmly eulogizes Haeckel as a hero of science&quot; and &quot;prophet&quot; of truth.

FURNIYALL, Frederick James, M.A., Ph.D., D.Litt., writer. B. Feb. 4, 1825. Ed. London University College and Cam bridge (Trinity Hall). He was called to the Bar (Gray s Inn) in 1849, but devoted himself to social work. Although he worked for many years with the Christian Socialists, he had abandoned Christianity in his early manhood. He was an outspoken Agnostic, and a zealous Honorary Associate of the R. P. A. until he died. He helped to found the Working Men s College in 1854, giving much time to it, and was very active in the Sunday League and other reform bodies. In literature he had a very high position, founding the Early English Text Society, and the Chaucer, Wyclif, Shelley, and Browning Societies. Furnivall was as high and genial in character as he was beneficent in his activity. He was a fellow of Trinity Hall and of the British Academy, and had honorary degrees from Berlin and Oxford. D. July 2, 1910.

GADOW, Hans Friedrich, M.A., Ph.D.,

F.R.S., zoologist. B. (Pomerania) Mar. 8, 1855. Ed. Frankfort-on-Oder, and Berlin, Jena, and Heidelberg Universities. From 1880 to 1882 he was in the Natural History Department of the British Museum, and since 1884 he has been Strickland Curator and Lecturer on Zoology at Cambridge University. He translated Haeckel s Last Link (1898), and has done important work in his science. In Was Wir E. Haeckel 274