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 DULAUEENS

DUNCAN

Restoration. His Histoire civile, physique, et morale de Paris (7 vols., 1821-22) and Histoire civile, physique, et morale des environs de Paris (6 vols., 1825-27) are important and very anti-clerical. D. Aug. 18, 1835.

DULAURENS, Henri Joseph, French novelist. B. Mar. 27, 1719. Ed. by the Trinitarian Canons, whose order he en tered. Abandoning the Church, he wrote a pungent attack on the Jesuits (1761), and was compelled to fly to Holland. His anti-Christian publications there (chiefly L evangile de la raison) forced him to transfer his activity to Germany, where, in 1767, he was sentenced to detention in a monastery for life. His works were published in Brussels in four volumes in 1823. D. 1797.

DULK, Alfred Friedrich Benno, Ger man writer. B. June 17, 1819. Ed. Konigsberg, Berlin, and Leipzig Univer sities. He was expelled from Prussia for his share in the troubles of 1848, and, after much travel, he settled at Stuttgart, where he wrote a series of powerful anti-Christian dramas and other works. A collected edition of his dramas (3 vols.) was pub lished in 1893. D. Oct. 30, 1884.

DUMAS, Alexandre, the younger, novelist and dramatist. B. July 28, 1824. He was a natural son of the elder Dumas (who died a Catholic). Ed. College Bourbon, Paris. He published verse at the age of seventeen. His first novel appeared in 1847, and was followed in the next year by La Dame aux Came lias, which made his reputation. It was dramatized in 1852, and opened an era of realism on the French stage. Dumas was a Deist, though inclined to mysticism and very earnest in moral principle (see P. Bourget s Nouveaux Essais de Psychologie contem- poraine, 1886, pp. 64-78). His dramas and novels were published in seven volumes 1890-93, with four volumes of essays. D. Nov. 27, 1895.

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DU MAURIER, George Louis Palmella

Busson, artist and novelist. B. (Paris) Mar. 6, 1834. Ed. Pension Froussard, Paris, and London University College. He was educated in chemistry, but turned to art, which he studied in Paris. In 1860 he settled in England as an illustrator of books, and in 1864 he joined the staff of Punch. Peter Ibbetson (the story of his early years) appeared in 1892, and Trilby in 1894. Du Maurier was a Theist, but beyond that he was &quot; a sceptic &quot; (M. Wood s G. Du Maurier, 1913, pp. 144 and 165). D. Oct 6, 1896.

DUMONT, Leon, French writer. B. 1837. He studied law, but settled to the cultivation of philosophy on his provincial estate. At first he followed the Scottish school, but the acceptance of Darwinism made him more naturalistic. See his Haeckel et la theorie de devolution en Alle- magne (1866) and A. Biichner s Un philo- sophe amateur (1884). D. Jan. 7, 1877.

DUMONT, Pierre Etienne Louis,

Swiss writer. B. July 18, 1759. Ed. Geneva University. He entered the Pro testant ministry (1781) and was held a brilliant preacher, but his faith decayed. In 1785 he came to England as tutor to Lord Shelburne s children, and he became friendly with Fox, Eomilly, and Bentham. In 1814 he returned to Switzerland, rejected his clerical status, and, as member of the Grand Council, worked for prison reform on Bentham s principles. He wrote several important works on prison reform. D. Sep. 29, 1829.

DUNCAN, Professor David, M.A.,

D.Sc., LL.D., educationist. B. Nov. 5, 1839. Ed., Aberdeen Grammar School and Edinburgh and Berlin Universities. From 1867 to 1870 he was Herbert Spencer s private secretary, and he com piled the four volumes of the Descriptive Sociology. In 1870 he was appointed professor of logic and moral philosophy at the Presidency College, Madras, in 1875 223