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 4o8 B.C. 550. 539. 521, 490. 480. 479. 474. 431. 401. 359. 338. 336. 334. 333. 331. 330. 323. 321. 281. 280. 279. 278. 275. 264. 260. 256. 246. 220. 214. 210. 202. Chronological Table Buddha lived about this time. So also did Confucius and Lao Tse. Cyrus took Babylon and founded the Persian Empire. Darius I, the son of Hystaspes, ruled from the Hellespont to the Indus. His expedition to Scythia. Battle of Marathon. Battles of Thermopylae and Salamis. The Battles of Platea and Mycale completed the repulse of Persia. Etruscan fleet destroyed by the Sicilian Greeks. Peloponnesian War began (to 404). Retreat of the Ten Thousand. Philip became king of Mace- donia. Battle of Chseronia. Macedonian troops crossed into Asia. Philip murdered. Battle of the Granicus. Battle of Issus. Battle of Arbela. Darius III killed. Death of Alexander the Great. Rise of Chandragupta in the Punjab. The Romans completely beaten by the Samnites at the battle of the Caudine Forks. Pyrrhus invaded Italy. Battle of Heraclea. Battle of Ausculum. Gauls raided into Asia Minor and settled in Galatia. Pyrrhus left Italy. First Punic War. (Asoka began to reign in Behar — to 227.) Battle of Mylse. Battle of Ecnomus. Shi Hwang-ti became king of Ts'in. Shi Hwang-ti became em- peror of China. Great Wall of China begun. Death of Shi Hwang-ti. Battle of Zama. B.C. 146. Carthage destroyed. 133. Attains bequeathed Perga- mum to Rome. 102. Marius drove back Germans. 100. Triumph of Marius. (Chinese conquering the Tarim valley.) 89. All Italians became Roman citizens. 73. The revolt of the slaves under Spartacus. 71. Defeat and end of Spartacus. 66. Pompey led Roman troops to the Caspian and Euphrates. He encountered the Alani. 48. Julius Caesar defeated Pompey at Pharsalos. 44. Julius Caesar assassinated. 27. Augustus Csesar princeps (un- til A.D. 14). 4. True date of birth of Jesus of Nazareth. A.D. Christian Era began. 14. Augustus died. Tiberius em- peror. Jesus of Nazareth crucified. Claudius (the first emperor of the legions) made emperor by pretorian guard after mur- der of Caligula. Suicide of Nero. (Galba, Otho, Vitellus, emperors in succession.) Vespasian. Pan Chau on the Caspian Sea. 117. Hadrian succeeded Trajan. Roman Empire at its greatest extent. (The Indo-Scythians at this time were destroying the last traces of Hellenic rule in India.) Marcus Aurelius succeeded Antoninus Pius. Great plague began, and lasted to the death of M. Aurelius (180). This also devastated all Asia (Nearly a century of war and disorder began in the Roman Empire.) End of the Han Dynasty. Beginning of four hundred years of division in China. 30. 41. 68. 69. 102. 138. 161. 164. 220.