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 The French Revolution 329 no Supreme Being were guillotined ; day by day, week by week this infernal new machine chopped off heads and more heads and more. The reign of Robespierre lived, it seemed, on blood; and needed more and more, as an opium-taker needs more and more opium. Finally in the summer of 1794 Robespierre himself was over- thrown and guillotined. He was succeeded by a Directory of five men which carried on the war of defence abroad and held THE EXECUTION OF MARIE ANTOINETTE, OUEEN OF FRANCE, OCTOBER 16, 1793 [From a print in the British Museum)