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 Crusades and Age of Papal Dominion 257 coarse gar- ment, bare- footed on an ass, he car- ried a huge cross and harangued the crowd in street or market place or church. He denounced the cruelties p r ac tised upon the Chris t ian pilgrims by the Turks, and the shame of the Holy Sepul- chre being in any but Chris tian hands. The fruits of centuries of Christian teaching became apparent in enthusiasm swept the western discovered itself. Such a widespread uprising of the common people in relation to a single idea as now occurred, was a new thing in the history of our race. There is nothing to parallel it in the previous history of the Roman Empire or of India or China. On a smaller scale however there had been similar movements among the Jewish people after their liberation from the Babylonian captivity, and later on Islam was to display a parallel susceptibility to collective feeling. Such move- ments were certainly connected with the new spirit that had come R VIEW OF CAIRO the response. A great wave of world, and popular Christendom