Page:A SEA Dyak Dictionary in alphabetical parts, with examples and quotations shewing the use and meaning of words.pdf/10

X I. In arranging words in this Dictionary we have thought best to give first, the root form, which may be substantive, adjective, adverb, etc., etc., or the imperative mood of a verb, and after it, in a bracket, the verb form (v.f.), showing the change a verb undergoes when it assumes the mutilated prefix (of which the Malay forms would be me—, men—, meng—). The only other forms a verb possesses are (I) the passive, and sometimes, (II) the intransitive. Both of these would be formed from the root. In the former case (I) by prefixing di, in the later (II) by prefixing b, be—(bet—); examples of the latter are occasionally included in the v. f. bracket, thus: ban(v. f. man; beban), and gawai (begawai).

II. The following table shews the usual changes that occur to the root forms of verbs when they assume a prefix (v. f.).

[.—There are certain few exceptions].

Verbs WHOSE root forms COMMENCE WITH—


 * A prefix ng, as adar, ngadar.


 * B change b into m, as bangkit, mangkit.


 * Ch change ch into ny, as chenaga, nyenaga.


 * D change d into n, as diang, niang.


 * E prefix ng, as empong, ngempong.


 * G prefix n, as gali, ngali.


 * I prefix ng, as insur, nginsur.


 * J change j into ny, as jeluta, nyeluta.


 * K change k into nge, as krat, ngerat.


 * L prefix nge, as lalu, ngelalu.


 * M prefix me, as mut, memut.


 * N undergo no change.


 * P change p into m, as pangkong, mangkong.


 * R prefix nge, as ruboh, ngeruboh.


 * S change s into ny, as sagi, nyagi.


 * T change t into n, as turun, nurun.


 * U prefix ng, as unsut, ngunsut.

III. Tense is expressed by the addition of the following auxiliary verbs : ndah, nyan, deka or ka, and bisi. The present tense, Aku makai, I eat. The past tense, Aka udah makai, I have eaten. The future tense, Aku deka (or ka) makai, I shall eat. Bisi is the past emphatic: Aka bisi makai, I did eat.

[.—This however is only the case when bisi precedes a verb; when it precedes a substantive it signifies to have. Thus, aku bisi pemakai, I have food].

IV. There are some nouns formed from verbs by prefixing the syllables pe, pen or peng to the root form of the verb, as pemakai from makai to eat; pendiau, an abode, from diau to stay, etc., etc., but the student should be cautious about forming such nouns without authority.