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76 however, for various reasons unnecessary to mention in this place, were not found to answer, and were consequently soon relinquished.

The currents of cold water were then run through the interior of the pipes, and the worts brought into contact with their exterior surfaces.

These refrigerators are now constructed in various modes, and are still very commonly employed, and the pipes are formed of mixtures of metals of different kinds.

In addition to these, regulators are used in the fermenting tuns, for the purpose of cooling down the worts, or preventing their attaining too high temperatures during the fermentation. Both of these contrivances have been found to produce the desired effect, in as far as regards the regulation of temperature; but it is now beginning to be discovered, as might have been expected, that they have an injurious effect upon the worts, by causing acidity to a certain extent and consequent decay, and often foulness in the beer; the causes of which have been fully explained in the former part of this work, as also the bad tendency of other apparatus of the same description.

We have already adverted to fanners, or blowers, as being the safest and best mode of cooling down the worts in the coolers, and these will at all seasons be found fully adequate to that purpose.

It is but in very few seasons in this country, and