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the vices and crimes of the popes in this and the preceding century; but the Church, on the testi mony of its own writers, was immersed in pro faneness, sensuality, and lewdness. When Otho I, Emperor of Germany, came to Rome, he intro duced moral reforms by the power of the sword, but according to Milner, 1 " The effect of Otho’s regulations was that the popes exchanged the vices of the rake and the debauchee for those of the ambitious politician and the hypocrite; and gradu ally recovered, by a prudent conduct, the domineer ing ascendency, which had been lost by vicious ex cesses. But this did not begin to take place till the latter end of the eleventh century."

Missionary effort in this century was confined to work in Hungary, the unevangelized portions of Denmark, Poland, and Prussia. Adam of Bremen, who wrote in 1080, says: " Look at the very ferocious nation of the Danes. For a long time they have been accustomed, in the praises of God, to resound Alleluia. Look at that piratical people. They are now content with the fruits of their own country. Look at that horrid region, formerly altogether inaccessible on account of idolatry; they now eagerly admit the preachers of the word."

The Prussians continued pagans in a great meas ure throughout this century. We read that eighteen missionaries sent out to labour among them were

Milner, "The History of the Church of Christ," , 1834, p. 531, Vol. II.