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 202.

Simmons, Michael T., leads first party of settlers to Puget Sound, 171. Simpson, Sir George, visits

Oregon in 1841, 138 n. Slocum, Wm. A., sent to Pacific coast by President Jackson, 128; in Oregon, 128; connection with Willamette Cattle Company, 129-30; his report, 130. Smith, A. B., missionary, 123. Jedediah, partner of Rocky Mountain Fur Company, 108; his explorations, 108-109. Snake River, discovered by Clark and named Lewis River, 57 and n. Society Islands, iii. South Pass, discovery, and first use for wagons, 109; Oregon Trail crosses Rockies at, 291. Spain, her power on the Pacific, 7; general decline of after 1588, 7; power tested by Anson, 8; endeavours to prosecute policy of expansion, 1012; clash with British at Nootka Sound, 18; abandons exclusive claim to N. W. coast, 19; cedes her rights to U. S., 93. Spalding, Rev. H. H., joins Whitman missionary

party, 121; his account of the progress of the mission at Lapwai, 191 Spectator, New York news paper, used as source, 190 n. Spokane River, trading post on,

74-75Prairie, described by General Stevens, 221.

Star of Oregon, vessel, built on Willamette, 1841, 138.

Steptoe, James, Jefferson's letter to, 33.

Stevens, General Isaac Ingalls, appointed governor of Washington Territory, 212; account of inland country, 221; surveys northern route for railway, 237; made treaties with Indian tribes, 216 17 St. James, H. B. Co. Fort, 82.

St. Louis, western trade centre, 105.

Stockraising, beginnings of in N. W., 83; advantages of Willamette Valley for, Slocum's view, 128; Willamette Cattle Company, 128-9; in Inland Empire, opportunity for, 220 n.; under open range conditions, 254; changes in ranching business, great cattle companies, 255-6; an obstacle to progress, 257; dairying, 259. Strong and Schafer, "Government of the Americai. People," cited, 162 n. Stuart, David, Pacific Fur Company partner, builds Fort Okanogan, 75. Robert, P. F. Co. partner,