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424 scholars of the early period of the Renaissance will be found in Villari's Life of Machiavelli; and authors of later date are noticed in Roscoe's Life of Leo X. The dissemination of literature upon the invention of printing is illustrated by Horatio Brown in his Venetian Printing Press, 1892.

All previous biographies are superseded by Solerti's, 1895.

Crescimbeni, Vite degl' Arcadi Illustri, 1704–13.—Cantù, L'Abate Parini e la Lombardia nel Secolo XVIII—Carducci, Parini.—Vernon Lee, Studies of the Eighteenth Century in Italy, 1880. Much of this brilliant book is devoted to music and the stage, but the literary element is never long absent.

The most valuable essays on Italian literature in the nineteenth century are at present to be found in periodicals, especially the Nuova Antologia and the Deutsche Rundschau; in general works on Italy like Mariotti's; in the biographies and correspondence of distinguished authors of the period, and in such monographs upon them as Zumbini's Sulle Poesie di Vincenzo Monti. Modern Italian poetry is well treated by W. D. Howells, Modern Italian Poets, 1887; by F. Sewall in his introduction to his translations from Carducci, 1892; and in the preface and biographical introductions to Greene's Italian Lyrists of To-Day, 1893.