Page:A History of Domestic Manners and Sentiments in England During the Middle Ages.djvu/465

 and Sentimejits. 445 fireplace, from the hall at Peniliurft in Kent, where it is ftill occupied by the iron dogs, or andirons, that fupported the fuel. It may be obferved that thefe latter, in the north of England and in Ibme other parts, were called cobirons. The implements attached to the fireplace had hitherto been few in number, and fimple in character, but they now became more numerous. In the inventories previous to the fixteenth century they are feldom mentioned at all, and the glolTaries fpeak only of tongs and bellows. In the will of John Baret of Bury, made in 1463, "a payre of tongys and a payre belwys" are mentioned. John Hedge, a large houfeholder of the fame town in 1504, fpeaks of "fpytts, rakks, cobernys, aundernnys, trevettes, tongs, with all other iryn werkes moveabyll within my houfe longying." This would feem to fhow that cobirons and andirons were not identical, and it has been fuppofed that the former denomination belonged more particularly to the refls for fupporting the fpit. The fchoolmafter of Bury, in 1352, bequeathed to his hoftefs, "my cobbornes, the fire pany (? pan), and the tonges." If we turn to the north, we find in the collection of wills publiflied by the Surtees Society a more fre- quent enumeration of the fire implements. William Blakefon, pre- bendary of Durham, pofTefTed in 1549 only "a payre of cobyrons and one payre of tongys." In 1551, William Lawlbn, of Newcafl:le-on-Tyne, had in his hall " one yryn chymney, and a poor, with one paire of tonges," which are valued at the rather high fum of thirty lliillings. This is the firft mention of the iron chimney, or grate, but it occurs continually after the middle of the fixteenth century. In 1557, the "iron chymney" of the parilli clerk of St. Andrew's in Newcaftle was valued at twenty fliillings. The fire implements in the hall of the farm-houfe at Weft Runfton near Northallerton, in 1562, were "j. crylTett, ij. rachyncrokes, j. pair of tonges, one paire off cobyrons, j. Ipeitt, one paire oft" potes." We find the crelTet frequently included among the implements attached to the fireplace. The racking-crook was the pothook. In 1564, John Bynley, minor canon of Durham, had in his hall "one iron chimney, with a bake {back), porre (a por, or poker), tongs, fier fhoel {fire Jliovcl) , fpette {fpit), and a littell rake pertening thereto." The fire-irons in the hall