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 to an Athenian politician of the time of Pericles; and it stands to reason that Herodotus must have had masses of further knowledge which he could impart to the Athenian 'Foreign Office,' but decidely not publish for the use of all Hellas. The histories of Herodotus are ordinarily divided int nine books, named after the nine Muses. The division is of course utterly post-classic; Herodotus knew nothing of his 'Muses,' but simply headed his work, "This is the account of the research of Herodotus of Thurii." In our editions it is "Herodotus of Halicarnassus," but he must have written "of Thurii" by all analogy, and Aristotle read "of Thurii." The Athenian or Eastern book-trade, appealing to a public which knew the man as a Halicarnassian, was naturally tempted to head its scrolls accordingly. It is like the case of the Anabasis, which appeared pseudonymously as the work of Themistogenes of Syracuse (see p.319); but it was known to be really Xenophon's, and the book-trade preferred to head it with the better-known name.

The last three books of Herodotus give the history of the invasion of Xerxes and its repulse; the first six form a sort of introduction to them, an account of the gradual gathering up of all the forces of the world under Persia, the restive kicking of Ionia against the irresistible, and the bursting of the storm upon Greece. The connection is at first loose, scarcely visible; only as we go one we begin to feel the growing intensity of the theme-the concentration of all the powers and nations to which we have been gradually introduced, upon the one great conflict.

Starting from the mythical and primeval enmity betwen Asia and Europe, Herodotus takes up his history