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214 dhism, 4, 19; imperial standards, 8, 40-43; edicts on the Sānchī pillar, 40; preference for Persian craftsmen, 41; death, 49 n; conquest of Orissa, 64; palace at Pātāliputra, 97

Assembly- or debating-hall, construction, 95

Assyria, seven-storied temples of, 93

Asuras, demons of darkness, 168, 169; King of the, 167

Aurangabad, 125; rock-cut monastery, 91

Aurangzīb, 64, 137; administration, 143; banishment of Hindu painters, 143, 208

Avalokītēshvara, sculpture of, 176

Avalon, A., translation of Tantra of the Great Liberation, 169 n

Avatars, the ten, 167

Bābur, gardens at Agra, 102; death, in; founder of the Mogul dynasty, 128, 132

Babylon, siege of, 9; use of the radiating arch, 132 n

Bādāmi, 78, 79, 166

Baghdad court, 111

Bāī Srī Harīra, 121

Bairām Khan, 133

Balagāmi, temple at, 89

Bali, the demon king, 167

Bambu, use in the construction of the sikhara, 9, 58, 60, 147

Barāgāon, 92 n

Barnett, Dr., Antiquities of India, 7 n, 14 n, 23 n, 30 n, 177

Baroch, 120

Bedsā, chaītya hall at, 22

"Bell-shaped" capital, the symbol of, 4, 42-5, 62

Benares, 45, 67; Hindu palaces at, 144; University, 95

Benares, Queen of, 34

Bengal, architecture, 122; thatched cottages, 122, 136

Bernier, F., 140

Besnagar, 27 n

Bhagavad Gītā, 164, 168, 192

Bhairava, the Terrible, 183 184; shrine of, 81

Bhājā, series of monolithic stūpas, 21; relic casket, 23

Bhakti, worship of, 6, 58, 60, 159, 172, 173, 184

Bhakti-marga, the path of devotion, 18, 72, 172, 173, 197

Bharhut, 19; sculptures, 23, 62; gateway, 41; representation of the lotus flower, 42; reliefs of, 199

Bhāva, sentiment and expression, 195

Bhikkus, the, 24; meetings, 32 n, 48; ancient retreats, 48; ashrams at Ajantā, 51

Bhilsā, 27

Bhoga-mandapam, 68

Bhopal State, 27, 167; mosque at, 143

Bhuvanēshvar, "Lord of the Universe," 64; temples, 64

Bidar, 125

Bihar, 24

Bihzad, 204

Bijāpur, 125; tomb at, 109; architecture, 126; Tāj Mahall, 127; size of the dome, 141 n; tributary to Shah Jahān, 141 n

Birmingham Museum, statue of Buddha, 156

Blochet, M. E., 44

Boar Incarnation, the, 167

Bodh-Gāyā, 34; monastery, 155; temple, 62

Bodhisattva, the, 35, 152, 158; cult, 58; sculptures, 160; painting of, 202

Bodhi-tree, shrine of the, 62

Bombay School of Art, 201

Borobūdūr, 161; stūpa, 35; reliefs of, 199

Brahmā, the Creator, 7 n, 61 n, 162; temple of, 7 n, 162, 163, 187; shape of the pillar, 7 n, 45; symbol of the lotus flower, 43, 95, 165; sakti, 162; four heads, 162; image, 163, 165; triune doctrine, 187

Brahman ritual, 74; conversion of fire-worshippers, 75; the cult of Saivism, 77, 174

Buddha, Gautama, 4; the passing into Pari-Nirvāna, 4; funeral, 5; teaching, 6, 20, 151; stūpas, 14; birth, 32, 80; lotus throne, 41; worship of, 63; miracle, 75; the Great Guru and Monk, 152; Supreme Head of the Sangha, 152; ideal racial type, 153; statues, 154-8, 161

Buddhas, the seven, 34

Buddhism, stūpa the sacred symbol, 19; character of the ritual, 20; meetings of the Bhikkus, 48; system of memorising, 48; spread of, 106

Buddhist art, 3; development, 21; history, 51; change, 52; stūpa,