Page:A Greek English Lexicon of the New Testament.djvu/95

ἄρα misery, 1 Tim. vi. 9; 🇬🇷 destructive opinions, 2 Pet. ii. 1; 🇬🇷, ibid. cf. vs. 3. &ensp; b. in particular, the destruction which consists in the loss of eternal life, eternal misery, perdition, the lot of those excluded from the kingdom of God: Rev. xvii. 8, 11, cf. xix. 20; Phil. iii. 19; 2 Pet. iii. 16; opp. to 🇬🇷, Heb. x. 39; to 🇬🇷, Mt. vii. 13; to 🇬🇷, Phil. i. 28. 🇬🇷, a man doomed to eternal misery (a Hebraism, see 🇬🇷, 2): 2 Τh. ii. 3 (of Antichrist); Jn. xvii. 12 (of Judas, the traitor); 🇬🇷, 2 Pet. iii. 7. (In prof. auth. fr. Polyb.u. s. [but see Aristot. probl. 17, 3, 2, vol. ii. p. 916$a$, 26; 29, 14, 10 ibid. 952$b$, 26; Nicom. eth. 4, 1 ibid. 1120$a$, 2, etc.]; often in the Sept. and O. T. Apocr.)*

🇬🇷, an illative particle (akin, as it seems, to the verbal root 🇬🇷 to join, to be fitted, [cf. Curtius § 488; Vaniček p. 47]), whose use among native Greeks is illustrated fully by Kühner ii. §§ 509, 545; [Jelf §§ 787-789], and Klotz ad Devar. ii. pp. 160-180, among others; [for a statement of diverse views see Bäumlein, Griech. Partikeln, p. 19 sq.]. It intimates that, “under these circumstances something either is so or becomes so” (Klotz l. c. p. 167): Lat. igitur, consequently, [differing from 🇬🇷 in ‘denoting a subjective impression rather than a positive conclusion.’ L. and S. (see 5 below)]. In the N. T. it is used frequently by Paul, but in the writings of John and in the so-called Catholic Epistles it does not occur. On its use in the N. Τ. cf. W. §§ 53, 8 a. and 61, 6. It is found &emsp; 1. subjoined to another word: Ro. vii. 21; viii. 1; Gal. iii. 7; 🇬🇷 since, if it were otherwise, 1 Co. vii. 14; [v. 10, cf. B. § 149, 5]. When placed after pronouns and interrogative particles, it refers to a preceding assertion or fact, or even to something existing only in the mind. 🇬🇷 who then? Mt. xviii. (i. e. one certainly will be the greater, who then?); Mt. xix. 25 (i. e. certainly some will be saved; you say that the rich will not; who then?); Mt. xix. 27; xxiv. 45 (I bid you be ready; who then etc.? the question follows from this command of mine); Mk. iν. 41; Lk. i. 66 (from all these things doubtless something follows; what, then?); Lk. viii. 25; xii. 42; xxii. 23 (it will be one of us, which then?); Acts xii. 18 (Peter has disappeared; what, then, has become of him?). 🇬🇷, Mk. xi. 13 (whether, since the tree had leaves, he might also find some fruit on it); Acts vii. 1 [Rec.] (🇬🇷 equiv. to ‘since the witnesses testify thus’); Acts viii. 22 (if, since thy sin is so grievous, perhaps the thought etc.), 🇬🇷, 1 Co. xv. 15, (, 🇬🇷, Gen. xviii. 3). 🇬🇷, Acts xxi. 38 (thou hast a knowledge of Greek; art thou not then the Egyptian, as I suspected?); 🇬🇷 (Lat. num igitur), did I then etc., 2 Co. i. 17. &emsp; 2. By a use doubtful in Grk. writ. (cf. B. 371 (318); [W. 558 (519)]) it is placed at the beginning of a sentence; and so, so then, accordingly, equiv. to 🇬🇷 with a finite verb: 🇬🇷 [🇬🇷 T Tr WH], Lk. xi. 48 (Mt. xxiii. 31 🇬🇷); Ro. x. 17; 1 Co. xv. 18; 2 Co. v. 14 (15) (in L T Tr WH no conditional protasis preceding); 2 Co. vii. 12; Gal. iv. 31 (L T Tr WH 🇬🇷); Heb. iv. 9. &emsp; 3. in an apodosis, after a protasis with 🇬🇷, in order to bring out what follows as a matter of course, (Germ. so ist ja the obvious inference is): Lk. xi. 20; Mt. xii. 28; 2 Co. v. 14 (15) (R G, a protasis with 🇬🇷 preceding); Gal. ii. 21; iii. 29; v. 11; Heb. xii. 8; joined to another word, 1 Co. xv. 14. &emsp; 4. with 🇬🇷, rendering it more pointed, 🇬🇷 [L Tr uniformly 🇬🇷; so R WH in Acts xvii. 27; cf. W. p. 45; Lips. Gram. Untersuch. p. 123], surely then, so then, (Lat. itaque ergo): Mt. vii. 20; xvii. 26; Acts xi. 18 (L T Tr WH om. 🇬🇷); and subjoined to a word, Acts xvii. 27 [W. 299 (281)]. &emsp; 5. 🇬🇷, a combination peculiar to Paul, at the beginning of a sentence (W. 445 (414); B. 371 (318), [“.” Klotz ad Devar. ii. p. 717; 🇬🇷 is the more logical, 🇬🇷 the more formal connective; “🇬🇷 is illative, 🇬🇷 continuative,” Win. l. c.; cf. also Kühner § 545, 3]), [R. V.] so then, (Lat. hinc igitur): Ro. v. 18; vii. 3, 25; viii. 12; ix. 16, 18; xiv. 12 (L Tr om. WH br. 🇬🇷); 19 [L mrg. 🇬🇷]; Gal. vi. 10; Eph. ii. 19; 1 Th. v. 6; 2 Th. ii. 15.*

🇬🇷, an interrogative particle [“implying  or   on the part of the questioner.” L. and S. s. v.], (of the same root as the preceding 🇬🇷, and only differing from it in that more vocal stress is laid upon the first syllable, which is therefore circumflexed); &emsp; 1. num igitur, i. e. marking an inferential question to which a negative answer is expected: Lk. xviii. 8; with 🇬🇷 rendering it more pointed, 🇬🇷 [G T 🇬🇷]: Acts viii. 30; [🇬🇷 Lchm. ed. min. also maj. mrg. are we then pursuing etc. Ro. xiv. 19]. &emsp; 2. ergone i. e. a question to which an affirmative answer is expected, in an interrogative apodosis, (Germ. so ist also wohl?), he is then? Gal. ii. 17 (where others [e. g. Lchm.] write 🇬🇷, so that this example is referred to those mentioned under 🇬🇷, 3, and is rendered Christ is then a minister of sin; but 🇬🇷, which follows, is everywhere by Paul opposed to a question). Cf. W. 510 (475) sq. [also B. 247 (213), 371 (318); Herm. ad Vig. p. 820 sqq.; Klotz ad Devar. ii. p. 180 sqq.; speaking somewhat loosely, it may be said “🇬🇷 expresses bewilderment as to a possible conclusion 🇬🇷 hesitates, while 🇬🇷 concludes.” Bp. Lghtft. on Gal. l. c.].*

🇬🇷, 🇬🇷, &emsp; 1. a prayer; a supplication; much oftener &emsp; 2. an imprecation, curse, malediction, (cf. 🇬🇷); so in Ro. iii. 14 (cf. Ps. ix. 28 (x. 7)), and often in Sept. (In both senses in native Grk. writ. fr. Hom. down.)*

🇬🇷, 🇬🇷, [fr Hdt. down], Arabia, a well-known peninsula of Asia, lying towards Africa, and bounded by Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Mesopotamia, Babylonia, the Gulf of Arabia, the Persian Gulf, the Red Sea [and the Ocean]: Gal. i. 17; iv. 25.*

[🇬🇷 Tdf., see 🇬🇷.]

[🇬🇷, see 🇬🇷, 4.]

[🇬🇷, see 🇬🇷, 1.]

🇬🇷, Aram [or Ram], indecl. prop. name of one of the male ancestors of Christ: Mt. i. 3 sq.; Lk. iii. 33 [not T WH Tr mrg.; see 🇬🇷 and 🇬🇷].*

🇬🇷 T Tr for 🇬🇷, q. v.