Page:A Greek English Lexicon of the New Testament.djvu/42

αἴτημα Apost. Fathers, etc., are exhibited in detail by Prof. Ezra Abbot in the No. Am. Rev. for Jan. 1872, p. 182 sq. He there shows also (in opposition to Trench, § xl., and others) that it is not “the constant word for the seeking of the inferior from the superior,” and so differing from 🇬🇷, which has been assumed to imply ‘a certain equality or familiarity between the parties’; that the distinction between the words does not turn upon the relative dignity of the person asking and the person asked; but that 🇬🇷 signifies to ask for something to be given not done, giving prominence to the thing asked for rather than the person, and hence is rarely used in exhortation. 🇬🇷, on the other hand, is to request a person to do (rarely to give) something; referring more directly to the person, it is naturally used in exhortation, etc. The views of Trench are also rejected by Cremer, 4te Aufl. s. v. The latter distinguishes 🇬🇷 from similar words as follows: “🇬🇷 denotes the request of the will, 🇬🇷 that of the sensibilities, 🇬🇷 the asking of need, while 🇬🇷 marks the form of the request, as does 🇬🇷 also, which in classic Greek is the proper expression for a request directed to the gods and embodying itself in prayer.” 🇬🇷, 🇬🇷 and 🇬🇷 are also compared briefly by Green, Critical Notes, etc. (on Jn. xiv. 13, 16). who concludes of 🇬🇷 “it cannot serve to indicate directly any peculiar position, absolute or relative, of the agent. The use of the word may, therefore, be viewed as having relation to the manner and cast of the request, namely, when carrying a certain freedom of aim and bearing; a thing inseparable from the act of direct interrogation”; cf. further Schmidt ch. 7. .: 🇬🇷.]

🇬🇷, 🇬🇷, (🇬🇷), [fr. Plato down], what is or has been asked for: Lk. xxiii. 24; plur. [Α. V. requests], Phil. iv. 6 [cf. Ellic. ad loc.]; things asked for, 1 Jn. v. 15. [See the preceding word, and Trench § li.]*

🇬🇷, 🇬🇷); &emsp; 1. cause, reason: Acts x. 21; xxii. 24; xxviii. 20; 🇬🇷 for every cause, Mt. xix. 3; 🇬🇷 for which cause, wherefore, Lk. viii. 47; 2 Tim. i. 6, 12; Tit. i. 13; Heb. ii. 11; cf. Grimm on 2 Macc. iv. 28. &emsp; 2. cause for which one is worthy of punishment; crime of which one is accused: Mt. xxvii. 37; Mk. xv. 26; Jn. xviii. 38; xix. 4, [6; Acts xxiii. 28]; 🇬🇷 [A. V. cause of death] crime deserving the punishment of death, Acts xiii. 28; xxviii. 18. &emsp; 3. charge of crime, accusation: Acts xxv. 18, 27. (All these signif. in prof. writ. also; [but L. and S. now make signif. 3 the primary].) In Mt. xix. 10 the words 🇬🇷 find a simple explanation in a Latinism (causa i. q. res: si ita res se habet, etc.) if the case of the man with his wife is so.*

🇬🇷, 🇬🇷, see 🇬🇷.

[🇬🇷, 🇬🇷: to accuse, bring a charge against; 🇬🇷 is a various reading in Ro. iii. 9 for the 🇬🇷 of the printed texts. (Prov. xix. 3; Sir. xxix. 5; freq. in prof. writ.). see 🇬🇷.*]

🇬🇷, 🇬🇷, that in which the cause of anything resides, causative, causing. Hence &emsp; 1. 🇬🇷 the author: 🇬🇷, Heb. v. 9 (the same phrase is freq. in prof. writ.; cf. the opp. 🇬🇷 in Bel and the Dragon vs. 41; 🇬🇷, 2 Macc. xiii. 4; Lcian. Tim. 36 ed. Lips.; 🇬🇷, Isocr. ad Phil. 49 p. 106 a.; cf. Bleek on Heb. vol. ii. 2, p. 94 sq.). &emsp; 2. 🇬🇷 i. q. 🇬🇷 &ensp; a. cause: Acts xix. 40 [cf. B. 400 (342) n.]. &ensp; b. crime, offence: Lk. xxiii. 4, 14, 22. (🇬🇷 culprit.) [See 🇬🇷, 3.]*

🇬🇷, 🇬🇷, (🇬🇷); in Acts xxv. 7 the reading of the best codd. adopted by G L T Tr WH for Rec. 🇬🇷: accusation, charge of guilt. (A form not found in other writ.; [yet Mey. notes 🇬🇷 for 🇬🇷, Eustath. p. 1422, 21; see B. 73; WH. App. p. 166].)*

🇬🇷, 🇬🇷, (🇬🇷, 🇬🇷, 🇬🇷 q. v.), unexpected, sudden, unforeseen: Lk. xxi. 34 [here WH 🇬🇷, see their Intr. § 404 and App. p. 151]; 1 Th. v. 3. (Sap. xvii. 14; 2 Macc. xiv. 17; 3 Macc. iii. 24; Aeschyl., Thuc. 2, 61 🇬🇷, Polyb., Joseph., Plut., Dion. Hal., al.)*

🇬🇷, 🇬🇷, (🇬🇷, q. v.), captivity: Rev. xiii. 10; abstr. for concr. i. q. 🇬🇷 (cf. 🇬🇷 above), Eph. iv. 8 (fr. Ps. lxvii. (lxviii.) 19, [cf. B. 148 (129); W. 225 (211)]); also 🇬🇷 (acc. to the common but doubtless corrupt text), Rev. xiii. 10 (as in Num. xxxi. 12, etc.). [Polyb., Diod., Joseph., Plut., al.]*

🇬🇷; 1 aor. 🇬🇷; a later word (cf. Lob. ad Phryn. p. 442; [W. 92 (88)]); to make captive, take captive: 2 Tim. iii. 6 Rec.; freq. in the Sept. and O. T. Apocr.; to lead captive: Eph. iv. 8 (Ezek. xii. 3; [1 Esdr. vi. 15]).*

🇬🇷; 1 fut. pass. 🇬🇷; &ensp; a. equiv. to 🇬🇷, which the earlier Greeks use. &ensp; b. to lead away captive: foll. by 🇬🇷 with acc. of place, Lk. xxi. 24, (1 Macc. x. 33; Tob. i. 10). &ensp; c. fig. to subjugate, bring under control: 2 Co. x. 5 (on which passage see 🇬🇷, 2); 🇬🇷, Ro. vii. 23 [yet T Tr etc. insert 🇬🇷 before the dat.]; to take captive one’s mind, captivate: 🇬🇷, 2 Tim. iii. 6 [not Rec.], (Judith xvi. 9 🇬🇷). The word is used also in the Sept., Diod., Joseph., Plut., Arr., Heliod.; cf. Lob. ad Phryn. p. 442; [W. 91 (87); Ellic. on 2 Tim. l. c.].*

🇬🇷, 🇬🇷, (fr. 🇬🇷 a spear and 🇬🇷, verbal adj. fr. 🇬🇷, prop. taken by the spear), [fr. Aeschyl. down], captive: Lk. iv. 18 (19).*

🇬🇷, 🇬🇷, (as if 🇬🇷—poet. for 🇬🇷—🇬🇷, so teaches Aristot. de caelo 1, 11, 9, vol. i. p. 279$a$, 27; [so Proclus lib. iv. in Plat. Timaeo p. 241; et al.]; but more probable is the conjecture [cf. Etym. Magn. 41, 11) that 🇬🇷 is so connected with 🇬🇷 to breathe, blow, as to denote properly that which causes life, vital force; cf. Harless on Eph. ii. 2). [But 🇬🇷 (==🇬🇷) is now generally connected with 🇬🇷, 🇬🇷, Skr. êvas (aivas), Lat. aevum, Goth. aivs, Germ. ewig, Eng. aye, ever; cf. Curtius § 585; Fick, Pt. i. p.27; Vaniček p. 79; Benfey, Wurzellex. i. p. 7 sq.; Schleicher, Compend. ed. 2, p. 400; Pott, Etym. Forsch. ed. 2, ii. 2, p. 442; Ebeling, Lex. Hom. s. v.; L. and S. s. v. 🇬🇷; Cremer, edd. 2, 3, 4 (although in ed. 1 he agreed with Prof. Grimm); Pott and Fick, however, connect it with Skr. âyus rather than êvas, although both these forms are derived from i to go (see Pott, Schleicher, Fick, Vaniček, u. s.).] In