Page:A Greek English Lexicon of the New Testament.djvu/116

Rh

🇬🇷

🇬🇷 [so accented also by Pape (Eigenn. s. v.), Kuenen and Cobet (Ro. as below); but L T (yet the name of the, 1 K. vi. 5 (38), 🇬🇷) Tr WH etc. 🇬🇷; so Etym. Magn. 194, 19; Suid. 1746 a. etc. Dind. in Steph. Thesaur. s. v. 🇬🇷 or 🇬🇷], 🇬🇷, an indecl. noun (Hebr., Chald. contr. fr. ), lord: Ro. xi. 4. This was the name of the supreme heavenly divinity worshipped by the Shemitic nations (the Phœnicians, Canaanites, Babylonians, Assyrians), often also by the Israelites themselves, and represented by the Sun: 🇬🇷, Ro. xi. 4. Cf. Win. RWB. [and BB.DD.] s. v. and J. G. Müller in Herzog i. p. 637 sqq.; Merx in Schenkel 1. 322 sqq.; Schlottmann in Riehm p. 126 sq. Since in this form the supreme power of nature  all things, and consequently a   deity, was worshipped, with which the   deity Astarte was associated, it is hard to explain why the Sept. in some places say 🇬🇷 (Num. xxii. 41; Judg. ii. 13; 1 K. xvi. 31; xix. 18, etc.), in others 🇬🇷 (Hos. ii. 8; 1 S. vii. 4, etc. [yet see Dillmann, as below, p. 617]). Among the various conjectures on this subject the easiest is this: that the Sept. called the deity 🇬🇷 in derision, as  and , just as the Arabs call idols   and the Rabbins ; so Gesenius in Rosenmüller’s Repert. i. p. 139 and Tholuck on Ro. l. c.; [yet cf. Dillman, as below, p. 602; for other opinions and reff. see Meyer ad loc.; cf. W. §. 27, 6 Ν. 1. But Prof. Dillmann shows (in the Monatsbericht d. Akad. zu Berlin, 16 Juni 1881, p. 601 sqq.), that the Jews (just as they abstained from pronouncing the word Jehovah) avoided uttering the abhorred name of Baal (Ex. xxiii. 13). As a substitute in Aramaic they read, or , and in Greek 🇬🇷 (cf. 1 K. xviii. 19, 25). This substitute in Grk. was  by the use of the fem. article. Hence we find in the Sept. 🇬🇷 everywhere in the prophetic bks. Jer., Zeph., Hos., etc., while in the Pentateuch it does not prevail, nor even in Judges, Sam., Kings, (exc. 1 S. vii. 4; 2 K. xxi. 3). It disappears, too, (when the worship of Baal had died out) in later versions of Aq., Sym., etc. The apostle’s use in Ro. l. c. accords with the sacred custom; cf. the substitution of the Hebr. in Ish-bosheth, Mephi-bosheth, etc. 2 S. ii. 8, 10; iv. 4 with 1 Chr. viii. 33, 34, also 2 S. xi. 21 with Judg. vi. 32; etc.]*

🇬🇷, -vos, ἡ, (Iebr. fr.  to confound, acc. to Gen. xi. 9; cf. Aeschyl. Pers. 52 Βαβυλὼν δ᾽ ἡ πολύ????xpvoos πάμμικτον ὄχλον πέμπει σύρδην. But more correctly, as it seems, fr.  the gate i. 6. the court or city of Belus [Assyr. Bab-II the Gate of God; (perh. of Tl, the supreme God); cf. Schrader, Keilinschr. u. d.

Alt. Test. 2te Aufl. p. 157 sq.; Oppert in the Zeitsch. ἃ. Deutsch. Morg. Gesellschaft, viii. p. £95]), Babylon, formerly a very celebrated and large city, the residence of the Babylonian kings, situated on both banks of the Euphrates. Cyrus had formerly captured it, but Darius Ilystaspis threw down its gates and walls, and Xerxes destroyed [?] the temple of Belus. At length the city was reduced almost to a solitude, the population having been drawn off by the neighboring Seleucia, built on the Tigris by Seleucus Nicanor. [Cf. Prof. Rawlinson in B. D.s.v. and his Herodotus, vol. i. Essays vi. and viii., vol. ii. Essay iv.] The name is used in the 1. of the city itself: Acts vii. 43; 1 Pet. v. 13 (where some have understood Babylon, a small town in Egypt, to be referred to; but in opposition cf. Mayerhoff, Vinl. in die petrin. Schriften, p. 126 sqq.; [cf. 3 fin. below]). ὠ 2. of the territory, Babylonia: Mt. i. 11 sq. 17} [often so in Grk. writ. 8. alle- gorically, of Rome as the most corrupt seat of idolatry and the enemy of Christianity: Rev. xiv. 8 [here Rec.** Βαβουλών]; xvi. 19; xvii. 5; xviii. 2, 10, 21, (in the opinion of some 1 Pet. v. 13 εἶκον [cf. 1 fin. above]).*

🇬🇷, adv., deeply: ὄρθρου βαθέως sc. ὄντος (cf. Bnhdy. p. 338), deep in the morning, at early dawn, Lk. xxiv. 1 L T Tr WH; 80 Meyer ad loc. But βαθέως here is more correctly taken as the Attic form of the gen. fr. βαθύς, q. v.; cf. B. 26 (23); [Lob. Phryn. p. 3477.*

🇬🇷, -οὔ, 6, (fr. obsol. βάω i. q. βαίνω, like σταθμός [fr. ἔστην μι), threshold, step; of a grade of dignity and wholesome influence in the church, [R. V. standing], 1 Tim. iii. 13 [cf. Ellic. ad k (Used by [Sept. 1S. v. 5; 2K. xx. 9; also Sir. vi. 36]; Strabo, [Plut.], Leian., Appian, Artemid., [al.]; οἵ. Lob. ad Phryn. p. 324.)*

🇬🇷, -εος (-ovs), τό, (connected with the obsol. verb βάζω, βάω [but cf. Curtins § 635; Wanitek p. 195]; cf. βαθύς, βάσσων, and ὁ βυθός, ὁ βυσσός; Germ. Boden), depth, height, —[acc. as measured down or up]; 1.

. δ: Mk. iv. 5; Ro. 89 (opp. to ὕψωμα); is 18 (opp. to ὕψος); of ‘the dee; ep" sea (the ‘high
 * seas’), Lk. v. 4.     2. metaph.: ἡ κατὰ βάθους πτωχεία

αὐτῶν, deep, extreme, poverty, 2 Co. viii. 2; τὰ βάθη τοῦ θεοῦ the deep things of God, things hidden and above iny, esp. the divine counsels, 1 Co. ii. 10 ( 24 Rec.; καρδίας ἀνθρώπου. Judith v 14; [τὰ B. τῆς θείας γνώσεως, Clem. Rom. 1 Cor. 40, 1 (cf. Lghtft. ad loc.)]); inexhaustible abundance, immense amount, πλούτου, Ro. xi. 33 (so alxo Soph. Aj. 130; βαθὺς mAouros, Ael. v. h. 3, 18; κακῶν, [Aeschyl. Pers. 465, 712]; Eur. Hel. 303; Sept. Prov. xviii. 3).*

🇬🇷: [impf. ἐβάθυνον; (βαθύς); to make deep: Lk.