Page:A Grammar of the Urdū Or Hindūstānī Language in Its Romanized Character.djvu/66

 68. We -will now go through the principal parts of the Neuter Verb/dwa 'to go,' which is also used as an Auxiliary Verb in forming the Passive Voices of Transitive and Causal Verbs. It is (like hond) slightly irregular in the Past Participle, the common form of which is gaya; but the original and regular form, jayd, is also used (as a sort of Verbal Noun in the sense of ' a going') in certain phrases, as jaya. karna 'to make a going,' i.e. 'a practice of going.'

Ja.no, ' to go.' Root, ja. Verral Nouns.

The first, answering to the root, is wanting, unless the word jao, meaning ' a going,' may be taken to represent it. The other two are jand ' going' or 'to go' (the Gerund), and janewala. or janehard 'a goer,' 'one who goes' (the Noun of Agency). There is no Abstract Noun in use.

The Partictpi.es Are

(1) The Simple—viz. (1) The Past or Perfect, gaya (for jaya) ' gone'; (2) The Present, j&td ' going'; (3) The

Conjunctive, ja, jaf, jake orjakar ' going' or 'having gone'; and (4) The Adverbial gaf and jate.

(2) The Compound—viz. (1) The Past Perfect, gaya hud ' being gone'; (2) The Present Continuative, jatd hud ' whilst going'; (3) The Adverbial-Progressive, jate-jate 'whilst going,' and Adverbial-Emphatic, jatchl 'just on going.'