Page:A Grammar of the Urdū Or Hindūstānī Language in Its Romanized Character.djvu/43

Rh Sing. Nom. Dānā laṛkā 'a wise boy.'

Gen. Dānā laṛkekā 'of a wise boy.' P

lur. Nom. Dānā laṛke 'wise boys.'

Dat. Dānā laṛkoṅko 'to wise boys.'

2. Adjectives with changeable final.

Sing. Nom. Kālā ghoṛā 'a black horse.'

Dat. Kālē ghoreko 'to a black horse.'

Plur. Nom. Kālē ghoṛe 'black horses.'

Dat. Kālē ghoṛonko 'to black horses.'

Sing. Nom. Bhalī 'aurat 'a good woman.'

Accus. Bhalī 'auratko 'a good woman.'

Plur. Nom. Bhalī 'auraten 'helpless women.'

Dat. Bhalī 'auratṅko 'to helpless women.'

33.

Sing. Nom. Mard-i-nek 'a good man.'

Plur. Nom. Mardān-i-nek 'good men.'

Sing. Nom. Zan-e-ḥasīn 'a beautiful woman.'

Plur. Nom. Zauān-e-ḥasīn 'beautiful women.'

The Plurals of Persian words are thus formed, if names of animate beings (viz. by adding ān to the Singular form); but if of inanimate objects, then generally by the termination hā. Thus, sāl 'a year,' Plur. sālhā 'years'; sang 'a stone,' Plur. sangha 'stones.' 'Many years' would be sālhā-e-bisyār; 'heavy stones' sanghā-e-girān. There are a few exceptions, however, to these rules. Thus, the Plur. of chiirā is chiraghāṅ ('lamps'); and of asp ('a horse') asphā.

34. Even in Persian, the Adjective often precedes its Substantive, as, nek mard 'a good man,' bad hawā ' a bad