Page:A Grammar of the Urdū Or Hindūstānī Language in Its Romanized Character.djvu/41

 from banda 'a slave,' Fem. bandī; from ghoṛā 'a horse,' Fem. ''ghoṛi. The rule in the case of Masculines ending in ī'' has already been given. Those also ending in a consonant or in ā form the Feminine sometimes in the same way as those in ī, viz. by adding n, nī, or ānī (the vowel before n if long—ā or ī—being shortened or cut off), as from dulhā 'a bridegroom,' dulhan 'a bride'; kunjrā. 'a greengrocer,' Fem. kunjran; bareṭha 'a washerman,' bareṭhan; mullā 'a doctor' or 'teacher,' mullānī 'his wife'; taṭṭu 'a pony,' Fem. taṭṭwānī; banyā 'a corn-seller,' Fem. banyanī or banāyan; nāˏī 'a barber,' nāyan or nāˏin; mihtar 'a sweeper,' Fem. mihtarānī; sher 'a tiger,' shernī; ūṅṭ 'a camel,' uṅṭnī, etc.

There are other ways in which the name of the female is formed from that of the male, as bhaˏī 'brother,' bahin 'sister'; beg 'a lord,' begam 'a lady,' 'princess'; ān 'a lord,' 'prince,' anan, 'lady'; rājā. 'a king,' rānī 'a queen'; nāyak 'a young man', nāyikā 'a damsel'; bāg?hnī 'a tiger,' bagˏhnī 'a tigress.' Sometimes the words used are quite different, as bap 'father,' mān 'mother'; pitā 'father,' matā 'mother'; sānḍ (sāṅṛ or sāṛ) ' a bull,' gaˏe 'a cow.' Or by adding nar (male) or mada (female) to the words, as sher-i-nar ' a lion ' or ' tiger,' sher-i- mdda ' a lioness' or ' tigress.' This is a Persian construction, used only with Persian words. The Feminines of Arabic words are generally formed by adding a to the Masculine, as malika ' a queen,' from malik ' a king'; walida ' mother,' from wālid ' father '; mu'allima ' a schoolmistress,' from mifattim ' a teacher.'